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WASHINGTON, Aug. 11 (Xinhua) -- The unique fossils of an adult plesiosaur and its unborn baby may provide the first evidence that these ancient animals gave live birth like mammals, according to a new study to be published Friday in the journal Science.The 78-million-year-old, 15.4-foot-long (4.7-meter-long) adult specimen is a Polycotylus latippinus, one of the giant, carnivorous, four-flippered reptiles that lived during the Mesozoic Era.Dr. Robin O'Keefe of Marshall University in West Virginia and Dr. Luis Chiappe, Dinosaur Institute director of the Natural History Museum in Los Angeles County, have determined that it is the fossil of an embryonic marine reptile contained within the fossil of its mother.The embryonic skeleton contained within shows much of the developing body, including ribs, 20 vertebrae, shoulders, hips, and paddle bones.O'Keefe and Chiappe have also determined that plesiosaurs were unique among aquatic reptiles in giving birth to a single, large offspring, and that they may have lived in social groups and engaged in parental care.Although live birth has been documented in several other groups of Mesozoic aquatic reptiles, no previous evidence of it has been found in the important order of plesiosaurs."Scientists have long known that the bodies of plesiosaurs were not well suited to climbing onto land and laying eggs in a nest," O'Keefe said."So the lack of evidence of live birth in plesiosaurs has been puzzling. This fossil documents live birth in plesiosaurs for the first time, and so finally resolves this mystery."

TEHRAN, June 15 (Xinhua) -- Iran puts the Rasad (surveillance) satellite in the orbit on Wednesday, the state IRIB TV website reported.The Rasad satellite will render images to the country, said the report.All the procedure of designing, construction, testing and preparations to launch the satellite have been conducted domestically by Iranian experts, according to IRIB.The Rasad, weighs 15.3 kilograms and has been designed to be launched at 260 kilometers above the earth, said IRIB, adding that it will circle the earth 15 times in 24 hours.

LOS ANGELES, Sept. 10 (Xinhua) -- Scientists at the University of California Los Angeles campus have announced that they have successfully used new prediction algorithms to forecast climate up to 16 months in advance.Professor Michael Ghil said in a UCLA news release Friday his team used new prediction algorithms based on matching ocean temperature records with new theories on how long-term climate trends are influenced by short-term weather extremes.That's twice as far into the future as previously accomplished.Ghil, a distinguished professor of climate dynamics in the UCLA Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and senior author of the research, said the new prediction formulas will give climate experts and governments clues about long-term swings in the El Nino/La Nina oscillation in the Pacific Ocean, which drastically affects weather in the Americas, Asia and Australia.The new forecasting tool uses sea temperatures and has been tested on decades of historical data. The forecasts were then cross-checked against actual climate trends.The UCLA team also said that their 16-month forecasts were more accurate than previous forecasts that went only 8 months forward.Ghil emphasized that the forecasting tools are for climate, which is long-range, global patterns, but not for meteorology, which is short-term weather forecasting."Certain climate features might be predictable, although not in such detail as the temperature and whether it will rain in Los Angeles on such a day two years from now," said Ghil, who is also a member of UCLA's Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. "These are averages over larger areas and longer time spans."The study is currently available online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and will be published in an upcoming print edition of the journal.

BEIJING, July 5 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study showed that environmental factors may play a larger role in the development of autism than previously recognized, according to media reports on Tuesday.The new study in the Archives of General Psychiatry looked at 192 pairs of twins in California. It found autism was surprisingly common in fraternal twins, despite the fact that they don’t share as many of the same genes as identical twins, suggesting that something in their mutual life circumstances may be playing at least as strong a role as genetics.The study, which will likely be followed up with similar studies of twins and other siblings, could  force a dramatic swing in the focus of research into the developmental disorder.“It looks like some shared environmental factors play a role in autism, and the study really points toward factors that are early in life that affect the development of the child,” said study researcher Joachim Hallmayer, MD, an associate professor of psychiatry at Stanford University in California.

LOS ANGELES, June 8 (Xinhua) -- NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity is heading toward "Spirit Point" on the rim of a large crater, a long-term destination that the rover has been trying to reach for nearly three years, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Wednesday.Opportunity has moved toward the crater, Endeavour, since climbing out of Victoria crater in August 2008.Having driven 11 miles (18 kilometers), the rover has about two miles (about three kilometers) to go before reaching the rim of Endeavour, said JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.Rover team members last week selected "Spirit Point" as the informal name for the site on the rim where Opportunity will arrive at Endeavour crater. The choice commemorates Opportunity's rover twin, Spirit, which has ended communication and finished its mission."Spirit achieved far more than we ever could have hoped when we designed her," said Steve Squyres of Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, principal investigator for the rovers. "This name will be a reminder that we need to keep pushing as hard as we can to make new discoveries with Opportunity. The exploration of Spirit Point is the next major goal for us to strive for."Endeavour offers the setting for plenty of productive work by Opportunity. The crater is 14 miles (22 kilometers) in diameter -- more than 20 times wider than Victoria crater, which Opportunity examined for two years. Orbital observations indicate that the ridges along its western rim expose rock outcrops older than any Opportunity has seen so far. Spirit Point is at the southern tip of one of those ridges, "Cape York," on the western side of Endeavour.Opportunity and Spirit completed their three-month prime missions on Mars in April 2004. Both rovers continued for years of bonus, extended missions. Both have made important discoveries about wet environments on ancient Mars that may have been favorable for supporting microbial life.NASA's JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Exploration Rover Project for the NASA Science Mission Directorate, Washington.

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