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Will you accept President-elect Biden's offer to serve as his chief medical adviser? -@SavannahGuthrieAbsolutely, I said yes right on the spot. -Dr. Anthony Fauci pic.twitter.com/lHr3z1v3vo— TODAY (@TODAYshow) December 4, 2020 234

With a coronavirus vaccine still months off, companies are rushing to test what may be the next best thing: drugs that deliver antibodies to fight the virus right away, without having to train the immune system to make them.Antibodies are proteins the body makes when an infection occurs; they attach to a virus and help it be eliminated. Vaccines work by tricking the body into thinking there’s an infection so it makes antibodies and remembers how to do that if the real bug turns up.But it can take a month or two after vaccination or infection for the most effective antibodies to form. The experimental drugs shortcut that process by giving concentrated versions of specific ones that worked best against the coronavirus in lab and animal tests.“A vaccine takes time to work, to force the development of antibodies. But when you give an antibody, you get immediate protection,” said University of North Carolina virologist Dr. Myron Cohen. “If we can generate them in large concentrations, in big vats in an antibody factory ... we can kind of bypass the immune system.”These drugs are believed to last for a month or more and could give quick, temporary immunity to people at high risk of infection, such as health workers and housemates of someone with COVID-19. If they proved effective and if a vaccine doesn’t materialize or protect as hoped, the drugs might eventually be considered for wider use, perhaps for teachers or other groups.They’re also being tested as treatments, to help the immune system and prevent severe symptoms or death.“The hope there is to target people who are in the first week of their illness and that we can treat them with the antibody and prevent them from getting sick,” said Dr. Marshall Lyon, an infectious disease specialist helping to test one such drug at Emory University in Atlanta.Having such a tool “would be a really momentous thing in our fight against COVID,” Cohen said.Vaccines are seen as a key to controlling the virus, which has been confirmed to have infected more than 20 million people worldwide and killed more than 738,000. Several companies are racing to develop vaccines, but the results of the large final tests needed to evaluate them are months away.The antibody drugs are “very promising” and, in contrast, could be available “fairly soon,” said Dr. Janet Woodcock, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration official who is leading government efforts to speed COVID-19 therapies. Key studies are underway and some answers should come by early fall.One company, Eli Lilly, has already started manufacturing its antibody drug, betting that studies now underway will give positive results.“Our goal is to get something out as soon as possible” and to have hundreds of thousands of doses ready by fall, said Lilly’s chief scientific officer, Dr. Daniel Skovronsky.Another company that developed an antibody drug cocktail against Ebola — Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. — now is testing one for coronavirus.“The success with our Ebola program gives us some confidence that we can potentially do this again,” said Christos Kyratsous, a Regeneron microbiologist who helped lead that work.Regeneron’s drug uses two antibodies to enhance chances the drug will work even if the virus evolves to evade action by one.Lilly is testing two different, single-antibody drugs — one with the Canadian company AbCellera and another with a Chinese company, Junshi Biosciences. In July, Junshi said no safety concerns emerged in 40 healthy people who tried it and that larger studies were getting underway.Others working on antibody drugs include Amgen and Adaptive Biotechnologies. The Singapore biotech company Tychan Pte Ltd. also is testing an antibody drug and has similar products in development for Zika virus and yellow fever.“I’m cautiously optimistic” about the drugs, said the nation’s top infectious diseases expert, Dr. Anthony Fauci. “I’m heartened by the experience that we had with Ebola,” where the drugs proved effective.What could go wrong?— The antibodies may not reach all of the places in the body where they need to act, such as deep in the lungs. All the antibody drugs are given through an IV and must make their way through the bloodstream to wherever they’re needed.— The virus might mutate to avoid the antibody — the reason Regeneron is testing a two-antibody combo that binds to the virus in different places to help prevent its escape.Skovronsky said Lilly stuck with one antibody because manufacturing capacity would essentially be cut in half to make two, and “you will have less doses available.” If a single antibody works, “we can treat twice as many people,” he said.— The antibodies might not last long enough. If they fade within a month, it’s still OK for treatment since COVID-19 illness usually resolves in that time. But for prevention, it may not be practical to give infusions more often than every month or two.A San Francisco company, Vir Biotechnology Inc., says it has engineered antibodies to last longer than they usually do to avoid this problem. GlaxoSmithKline has invested 0 million in Vir to test them.Giving a higher dose also may help. If half of antibodies disappear after a month, “if you give twice as much, you will have two months’ protection,” Lilly’s Skovronsky said.— The big fear: Antibodies may do the opposite of what’s hoped and actually enhance the virus’s ability to get into cells or stimulate the immune system in a way that makes people sicker. It’s a theoretical concern that hasn’t been seen in testing so far, but large, definitive experiments are needed to prove safety.“As best as we can tell, the antibodies are helpful,” Lyon said.___Marilynn Marchione can be followed on Twitter: @MMarchioneAP___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5919

Why are stocks falling again? President Donald Trump says it's because Democrats are gearing up to use their impending control of the House of Representatives to investigate him. As always, when it comes to the markets, the real answer is complicated.The Dow fell by more than 600 points on Monday, dragged down by investors' concerns about the tech sector and the rising dollar. The Nasdaq fell 2% and the broader S&P 500 fell 1.2%.Apple (AAPL) fell 5% after supplier Lumentum cut its earnings and sales forecast because of weak demand, and JPMorgan cut its target price on Apple's stock. That weighed on other technology stocks, including Amazon (AMZN) and Tesla (TSLA) -- down 4% -- as well as Facebook, which fell 3%. Google (GOOGL), Netflix (NFLX) and Microsoft (MSFT) were all down more than 2%.The strong dollar also weighed on stocks. The US currency surged to a 16-month high because investors fear the European economy could stall if no Brexit deal is reached this week. Prospects of another rate hike from the Fed next month have also helped lift the dollar. The rising dollar is a signal of a strong economy, but it hurts sales and profits for American companies that do business overseas.Though Trump blamed Democrats for the drop, the Dow had actually bounced back since the midterms, rising last week in its best showing since March. Wall Street tends to like stagnation in Washington, so investors are actually just fine with Democrats taking the House.As for what Trump termed the "prospect of presidential harassment," there is not much evidence the stock market will bat an eye if Democratic leaders in the House begin investigations into the Trump administration. Stocks rose before, during and after President Bill Clinton's impeachment. 1800

While travel advice abounds for the best times to buy the most affordable holiday plane tickets, flying during some of the year's busiest travel periods generally isn't cheap.In this era of packed airplanes, smaller seats and fees for extra leg room, what airline is going to offer inexpensive fares around Thanksgiving, Hanukkah, Christmas and New Year's? Common business sense dictates that high prices will follow high demand.What are procrastinating travelers to do besides drive or take the train to get to their destinations? CNN checked with airfare experts for some general advice and ways to dull the price pain: 644

With immigration restrictions in place and limits on foreign workers, programs like the J-1 visa teacher program have been put on hold. This has impacted both foreign teachers in the US and those who were scheduled to teach here.Melvin Inojosa and Stella Indiongco are both from the Philippines, working in the U.S. as part of the J-1 Visa teacher program. The program gives foreign educators the opportunity to teach in the U.S.“We have teachers in about 15 states right now” James Bell, the chief operating officer at Alliance Abroad, said.Alliance Abroad is one of many cultural exchange organizations connecting foreign teachers to U.S. schools and sponsoring them.“COVID has significantly impacted everything relating to J-1 teachers,” Bell said. “The president's proclamation on immigration essentially suspended J-1 teachers into coming into the country. And I have upwards of 100 that should be here by now.”President Donald Trump announced an extension to a temporary ban on foreign workers back in June. Based on immigration service data, the number of people affected was estimated at 500,000 people. The exact number of teachers impacted is unclear.The restrictions only apply to new workers coming to the U.S. For current workers, it means something else.“My close friend...is supposed to go back home because it's the end of her fifth year,” Indiongco said. “But because of the pandemic and shortage of teachers and freeze hiring, her district actually let her stay and extend another year.”Some teachers with expiring contracts were asked to stay. Indiongco herself had already planned to be in the U.S. for two more years, but her summer plans were impacted.“I wasn't able to see my family at all this year,” she said. The same happened for Inojosa.“My hair is already long because I only get my haircut in the Philippines. Every summer...we go back to the Philippines,” Inojosa said.The purpose of the decades-old cultural exchange program is to introduce American students to other cultures -- something that has also been hindered due to COVID-19.“I use food to share my culture,” Inojosa said. “They said it’s kind of a bad timing to gather and eat together, so right now we are limited to our actions regarding sharing our culture.”“I wasn't able to do any cultural exchange activity at all,” Indiongco said.J-1 teachers are navigating a new challenge. A new way of teaching, away from their home country. Inojosa and Indiongco are both pivoting to online learning.Inojosa’s typically full classroom with projects decorating the walls and shelves, will look a little more empty this year. The future of teaching and the J-1 program remains largely unknown.“The immigration ban will be in play through the end of December,” Bell said. That date could change. Current teachers fear this could make the program less desirable moving forward.“Since all the J-1 visas are not processed at all, they're stuck because they have no work there. They have no work here because they cannot come anyway,” Indiongco said.“Some of my friends waited for a very long time to grab this opportunity to enjoy the J-1 program,” Inojosa said.“J-1 visa is like a bridge to our dreams, coming from a third world country. I hate to say it, but coming from a third world country, everything is kind of slow,” Indiongco said.Even with the changing climate, Indiongco and Inojosa are gearing up to teach their students in whatever form necessary.“If I'm called to do my job, I will definitely do it,” Inojosa said. 3516