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WASHINGTON, April 20 (Xinhua) -- Those childhood music lessons could pay off decades later -- even for those who no longer play an instrument -- by keeping the mind sharper as people age, according to a preliminary study published by the American Psychological Association (APA).The study recruited 70 healthy adults age 60 to 83 who were divided into groups based on their levels of musical experience. The musicians performed better on several cognitive tests than individuals who had never studied an instrument or learned how to read music, according to the research findings published Wednesday online in the APA journal Neuropsychology."Musical activity throughout life may serve as a challenging cognitive exercise, making your brain fitter and more capable of accommodating the challenges of aging," said lead researcher Brenda Hanna-Pladdy, a clinical neuropsychologist at the University of Kansas Medical Center. "Since studying an instrument requires years of practice and learning, it may create alternate connections in the brain that could compensate for cognitive declines as we get older."The three groups of study participants included individuals with no musical training; with one to nine years of musical study; or with at least 10 years of musical training. All of the participants had similar levels of education and fitness and didn' t show any evidence of Alzheimer's disease.All of the musicians were amateurs who began playing an instrument at about 10 years of age. More than half played the piano while approximately a quarter had studied woodwind instruments such as the flute or clarinet. Smaller numbers performed with stringed instruments, percussion or brass instruments.The high-level musicians who had studied the longest performed the best on the cognitive tests, followed by the low-level musicians and non-musicians, revealing a trend relating to years of musical practice. The high-level musicians had statistically significant higher scores than the non-musicians on cognitive tests relating to visuospatial memory, naming objects and cognitive flexibility, or the brain's ability to adapt to new information.The brain functions measured by the tests typically decline as the body ages and more dramatically deteriorate in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The results "suggest a strong predictive effect of high musical activity throughout the lifespan on preserved cognitive functioning in advanced age," the study stated.Half of the high-level musicians still played an instrument at the time of the study, but they didn't perform better on the cognitive tests than the other advanced musicians who had stopped playing years earlier. This suggests that the duration of musical study was more important than whether musicians continued playing at an advanced age, Hanna-Pladdy says."Based on previous research and our study results, we believe that both the years of musical participation and the age of acquisition are critical," Hanna-Pladdy says. "There are crucial periods in brain plasticity that enhance learning, which may make it easier to learn a musical instrument before a certain age and thus may have a larger impact on brain development."The preliminary study was correlational, meaning that the higher cognitive performance of the musicians couldn't be conclusively linked to their years of musical study. More research is needed to explore that possible link.

BEIJING, Feb. 10 (Xinhua) -- China's drought control authorities announced Thursday that hours of snowfall and irrigation have eased to some extent the severe drought in parts of the nation.Rapid spreading of the dry spell in the country's winter wheat producing regions has been curbed by wide-spread snowfall in the areas along the Yangtze, Huaihe and Yellow rivers and in the country's northern part on Wednesday and Thursday, the Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters said in a statement on its website.Drought-hit areas in Henan and Anhui, which are two major wheat-producing provinces, were reduced by 6.3 million mu (420,000 hectares) and 4.1 million mu, respectively, from Wednesday, the statement said. The agency added that irrigation also contributed to easing the effects of the drought.The statement said that as of Thursday, eight drought-hit provinces had irrigated 143 million mu of drought-affected wheat producing areas, which accounts for 52 percent of the combined winter wheat producing areas in the provinces. The eight provinces include the territories of Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Jiangsu.As of 3 p.m. Thursday, the drought had affected 101.28 million mu of crops nationwide and left 2.81 million people and 2.57 million heads of livestock short of drinking water, said the statement.Cloud seeding on Wednesday and Thursday during a recent cold front, also helped alleviate drought in some regions, according to a report posted on the website of the China Meteorological Administration on Thursday.The report also said that the artificial precipitation had mitigated the shortage of moisture in the soil in parts of Henan and Anhui. The situation is expected to improve as the rain and snow continues.However, experts urged more measures from local governments to ensure winter wheat production since the current precipitation is not adequate to "completely ease the drought", the report said.

BEIJING, May 23 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study suggests that crossing your arms could reduce the intensity of pain, according to media reports.The study was conducted by researchers from University College London (UCL), who reported their finding in the journel Pain.They said that crossing the arms could confuse the brain and conflicting information between the brain's two maps - one for the person's body and the other for external space - leading to a lower sensation of pain.A laser was used to generate a four millisecond pin prick on the hands of eight volunteers, who experienced this twice with their arms at their sides and arms crossed.Then the participants were asked to rate the intensity of pain in two situations and an EEG (electroencephalography) was used to measure their electrical brain responses.The results showed that both the perception of pain and EEG activity was reduced when the arms were crossed."Perhaps when we get hurt, we should not only 'rub it better' but also cross our arms," said Giandomenico Iannetti of UCL's department of physiology, pharmacology and neuroscience.

BEIJING, March 11 (Xinhuanet) --Women who have a cup or more of coffee everyday may reduce their risk of stroke by as much as 25 percent, according to a new study in the Journal Stroke Thursday. This study, led by Swedish researcher Susanna Larsson of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, followed more than 34,000 Swedish women aged 49 to 83 who were free of heart disease. After 10-year of follow-up, there were 1,680 strokes, and the study found that those who drank at least one cup of coffee each day had a 22 to 25 percent lowered risk of stroke, compared with women who drank less.The study further suggested coffee can help prevent cognitive decline and can boost vision and heart health. It is also related to a reduced risk of liver cancer."We used to worry that (coffee) raises blood pressure and causes increased heart rate, but it appears to be less risky than we thought," said physician Claudette Brooks, spokesperson for the American Stroke Association. Now, exactly what it is about coffee that may lower stroke risk is unknown. But the researchers speculated that coffee might reduce inflammation, lower oxidative stress and help make the body more responsive to insulin.However, some experts kept skeptical about the real impact coffee would have on reducing the incidence of stroke."The problem with this type of study is that there are too many factors unaccounted for and association does not prove causality," Dr Larry B. Goldstein, director of the Duke Stroke Center at Duke University Medical Center said."Subjects were asked about their past coffee consumption in a questionnaire and then followed over time. There is no way to know if they changed their behavior," Goldstein added.In any case, the good news for coffee junkies is that at least drinking coffee don't increase women's risk of stroke.

WASHINGTON, April 20 (Xinhua) -- Those childhood music lessons could pay off decades later -- even for those who no longer play an instrument -- by keeping the mind sharper as people age, according to a preliminary study published by the American Psychological Association (APA).The study recruited 70 healthy adults age 60 to 83 who were divided into groups based on their levels of musical experience. The musicians performed better on several cognitive tests than individuals who had never studied an instrument or learned how to read music, according to the research findings published Wednesday online in the APA journal Neuropsychology."Musical activity throughout life may serve as a challenging cognitive exercise, making your brain fitter and more capable of accommodating the challenges of aging," said lead researcher Brenda Hanna-Pladdy, a clinical neuropsychologist at the University of Kansas Medical Center. "Since studying an instrument requires years of practice and learning, it may create alternate connections in the brain that could compensate for cognitive declines as we get older."The three groups of study participants included individuals with no musical training; with one to nine years of musical study; or with at least 10 years of musical training. All of the participants had similar levels of education and fitness and didn' t show any evidence of Alzheimer's disease.All of the musicians were amateurs who began playing an instrument at about 10 years of age. More than half played the piano while approximately a quarter had studied woodwind instruments such as the flute or clarinet. Smaller numbers performed with stringed instruments, percussion or brass instruments.The high-level musicians who had studied the longest performed the best on the cognitive tests, followed by the low-level musicians and non-musicians, revealing a trend relating to years of musical practice. The high-level musicians had statistically significant higher scores than the non-musicians on cognitive tests relating to visuospatial memory, naming objects and cognitive flexibility, or the brain's ability to adapt to new information.The brain functions measured by the tests typically decline as the body ages and more dramatically deteriorate in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. The results "suggest a strong predictive effect of high musical activity throughout the lifespan on preserved cognitive functioning in advanced age," the study stated.Half of the high-level musicians still played an instrument at the time of the study, but they didn't perform better on the cognitive tests than the other advanced musicians who had stopped playing years earlier. This suggests that the duration of musical study was more important than whether musicians continued playing at an advanced age, Hanna-Pladdy says."Based on previous research and our study results, we believe that both the years of musical participation and the age of acquisition are critical," Hanna-Pladdy says. "There are crucial periods in brain plasticity that enhance learning, which may make it easier to learn a musical instrument before a certain age and thus may have a larger impact on brain development."The preliminary study was correlational, meaning that the higher cognitive performance of the musicians couldn't be conclusively linked to their years of musical study. More research is needed to explore that possible link.

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