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WASHINGTON, Nov. 14 (Xinhua) -- A novel study in twins found that exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) -- a hazardous organic contaminant found in soil, groundwater, and air -- is significantly associated with increased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Possibility of developing this neurodegenerative disease is also linked to perchloroethylene (PERC) and carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) exposure, according to the study appearing in Annals of Neurology on Monday.The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke estimates that as many as 500,000 Americans have PD and more than 50,000 new cases are diagnosed annually. While there is much debate regarding cause of PD, studies suggest that genetic and environmental factors likely trigger the disease. Several studies have reported that exposure to solvents may increase risk of PD, but research assessing specific agents is limited.The current epidemiological study, led by Samuel Goldman and Caroline Tanner with The Parkinson's Institute in Sunnyvale, California, investigated exposure to TCE, PERC and CCI4 and risk of developing PD. The team interviewed 99 twin pairs in which one twin had PD and one didn't, inquiring about lifetime occupations and hobbies. Lifetime exposures to six specific solvents previously linked to PD in medical literature -- n-hexane, xylene, toluene, CCI4, TCE and PERC -- were inferred for each job or hobby.The findings are the first to report a significant association between TCE exposure and PD -- a more than six-fold increased risk. Researchers also found that exposure to PERC and CCI4 tended toward significant risk of developing the disease. "Our study confirms that common environmental contaminants may increase the risk of developing PD, which has considerable public health implications," commented Goldman in a statement.TCE, PERC and CCI4 have been used extensively worldwide, with TCE noted as a common agent in dry-cleaning solutions, adhesives, paints, and carpet cleaners. Despite the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banning the use of TCE as a general anesthetic, skin disinfectant, and coffee decaffeinating agent in 1977, it is still widely used today as a degreasing agent. In the U.S., millions of pounds of TCE are still released into the environment each year and it is the most common organic contaminant found in ground water, detected in up to 30 percent of drinking water supplies in the country.In a release issued on Sept. 28, 2011, the Environmental Protection Agency announced that TCE is carcinogenic to humans.

BEIJING, Dec. 4 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao sent a message to Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez and Chilean President Sebastian Pinera on Friday to congratulate the founding of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC).In his message, Hu said that the establishment of CELAC is a major milestone in regional integration and that China appreciates the positive role of Latin American and Caribbean countries in international and regional affairs.China believes that the establishment of the community will make important contributions to unity and coordination in the region as well as joint efforts to counter global challenges, Hu said.China and Latin America are geographically apart, but their peoples enjoy traditional friendship, Hu said.In the 21st century, relations between China and Latin America have seen all-round and fast development with the expansion of mutually beneficial cooperation, Hu said.China has always treated its relations with Latin America from a strategic perspective and China is willing to work with CELAC and other countries in the region to build and develop a comprehensive cooperative partnership of mutual benefit and common development through the strengthening of dialogue, communication and cooperation, said Hu.The idea of CELAC was initiated in February 2010 at a regional summit in the Mexican resort of Cancun. The new grouping represents all countries in the Americas except Canada and the United States.

KUWAIT CITY, Nov. 27 (Xinhua) -- Two warships from China on Sunday docked at Kuwait's Shuwaikh port to start a five-day official visit to the Gulf Arab emirate.The tour by the destroyer "Wuhan" and the frigate "Yulin" marked the first visit by Chinese naval vessels to Kuwait since the two countries established diplomatic ties 40 years ago."This visit marks a historic occasion and Kuwaiti navy looks forward to future cooperation to improve the relationship and friendship between our two navies," said Colonel Khaled Ahmad Abdallah from Kuwait's navy.The flotilla was part of the ninth Chinese naval convoy to conclude its escort mission in the Gulf of Aden and waters off Somalia.Commander of the flotilla Guan Jianguo hopes the visit would enhance mutual cooperation between the two navies, which in turn would contribute to boosting bilateral relations.The flotilla would visit Oman after its stay in Kuwait.

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (Xinhua) -- A hormone derived from visceral fat called adiponectin may play a role as a risk factor for development of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women, according to a study published on Monday in online issue of the Archives of Neurology.Thomas van Himbergen, from Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and colleagues measured levels of glucose, insulin, and glycated albumin, as well as C reactive protein, lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2, and adiponectin in the plasma of patients at the 19th biennial examination (1985 -- 1988) of the Framingham Heart Study.The 840 patients (541 women, median age of 76 years) were followed-up for an average of 13 years and evaluated for signs of the development of AD and all-cause dementia. During that time, 159 patients developed dementia, including 125 cases of AD. After adjustment for other dementia risk factors (age, low plasma docosahexaenoic acid, weight change) only adiponectin in women was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia and AD."It is well established that insulin signaling is dysfunctional in the brains of patients with AD, and since adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity, one would also expect beneficial actions protecting against cognitive decline," the authors write. "Our data, however, indicate that elevated adiponectin level was associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD in women."