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WASHINGTON, May 11 (Xinhua) -- Researchers at Brigham and Women 's Hospital (BWH), a teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School, have identified a human lung stem cell that is self-renewing and capable of forming and integrating multiple biological structures of the lung. This research will be published Thursday in the New England Journal of Medicine."This research describes, for the first time, a true human lung stem cell. The discovery of this stem cell has the potential to offer those who suffer from chronic lung diseases a totally novel treatment option by regenerating or repairing damaged areas of the lung," said the study's corresponding author Piero Anversa, who is also director of the Center for Regenerative Medicine at the hospital.Using lung tissue from surgical samples, researchers identified and isolated the human lung stem cell and tested the functionality of the stem cell both in vitro and in vivo. Once the stem cell was isolated, researchers demonstrated in vitro that the cell was capable of dividing both into new stem cells and also into cells that would grow into various types of lung tissue. Next, researchers injected the stem cell into mice with damaged lungs. The injected stem cells differentiated into new bronchioles, alveoli and pulmonary vessel cells which not only formed new lung tissue, but also integrated structurally to the existing lung tissue in the mice.The researchers define this cell as truly "stem" because it fulfills the three categories necessary to fall under stem cell categorization: first, the cell renews itself; second, it forms into many different types of lung cells; and third, it is transmissible, meaning that after a mouse was injected with the stem cells and responded by generating new tissue, researchers were then able to isolate the stem cell in the treated mouse, and use that cell in a new mouse with the same results."These are the critical first steps in developing clinical treatments for those with lung disease for which no therapies exist. Further research is needed, but we are excited about the impact this discovery could have on our ability to regenerate or recreate new lung tissues to replace damaged areas of the lungs," said Joseph Loscalzo, chair of the Department of Medicine at BWH and co-author.
LOS ANGELES, April 18 (Xinhua) -- Sugarcane has the effect of cooling temperatures, thus playing role in stemming global warming, a new study has found.Sugarcane does so by reflecting sunlight back into space and by lowering the temperature of the surrounding air as the plants " exhale" cooler water, according to the study conducted by researchers at the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology.The researchers used data from hundreds of satellite images over 733,000 square miles (about 1,173 square kilometers) in Brazil, where sugarcane is widely grown. They measured temperature, reflectivity (also called albedo), and evapotranspiration -- the water loss from the soil and from plants as they exhale water vapor.The findings showed that expansion of sugarcane in areas previously occupied by other Brazilian crops cools the local climate.Converting from natural vegetation to crop/pasture on average warmed the cerrado by 2.79 Fahrenheit (1.55 Centigrade, but that subsequent conversion to sugarcane, on average, cooled the surrounding air by 1.67 Fahrenheit (0.93 Centigrade), the researchers said in the study published in the April issue of Nature Climate Change."We found that shifting from natural vegetation to crops or pasture results in local warming because the plants give off less beneficial water. But the bamboo-like sugarcane is more reflective and gives off more water -- much like the natural vegetation," said lead researcher Scott Loarie. "It's a potential win-win for the climate -- using sugarcane to power vehicles reduces carbon emissions, while growing it lowers the local air temperature."Brazilians are world leaders in using biofuels for gasoline. About a quarter of their automobile fuel consumption comes from sugarcane, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions that otherwise would be emitted from using gasoline.The researchers emphasized that the beneficial effects are contingent on the fact sugarcane is grown on areas previously occupied by crops or pastureland, and not in areas converted from natural vegetation. It is also important that other crops and pastureland do not move to natural vegetation areas, which would contribute to deforestation.So far most of the thinking about ecosystem effects on climate considers only impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. But according to co-researcher Greg Asner, "It's becoming increasingly clear that direct climate effects on local climate from land-use decisions constitute significant impacts that need to be considered core elements of human-caused climate change."

CANBERRA, May 27 (Xinhua) -- An Australian student has discovered a part of the universe that astrophysicists have spent decades trying to find, Australia's Monash University on Friday confirmed in a statement.Astrophysicists have long thought the universe has a greater mass than is visible in the planets, but they had no way of proving it is there.Undergraduate student Amelia Fraser-McKelvie, 22, was on a summer internship at Monash University to learn more about astrophysics, when she managed to solve one of the big mysteries of science.Fraser-McKelvie, an aerospace engineering student, conducted a targeted X-ray search for the matter and found evidence of it within three months.Her tutor, Kevin Pimbblet, said the discovery is significant."We've been looking for this ordinary matter for a couple of decades," he said in a statement on Friday."It's been published in one of the most prestigious journals in the world, so astronomers all over the world will be able to read this article."Scientists had thought the matter would have a temperature of about 1 million degrees Celsius, 1.8 million degrees Fahrenheit, and should therefore be observable at X-ray wavelengths.Amelia Fraser-McKelvie's discovery has proved that prediction is correct, Pimbblet said.The trio published a research paper on the missing mass in one of the world's oldest and most prestigious scientific journals, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.He said the discovery could change the way telescopes are built.
BEIJING, March 5 (Xinhua) -- China's retailers will offer refund to recent buyers of iPad 1 as price dropped with the debut of iPad 2.Apple released the upgraded version of the tablet on March 3 and announced to lower the price tags of the first generation iPad 1 by up to 27.6 percent. Buyers of iPad 1 within the last two weeks are eligible for a price difference compensation, according to Apple.Chinese customers who bought the product via Apple China online or its chain stores will also be compensated, according to a statement on Apple's website.Chinese electronics retailers such as Suning and Gome responded quickly to the price cut, promising to pay back their customers with a refund.Suning, China's biggest electronics retailer by market value, said iPad 1 buyers who bought the product from Feb 17 to March 2 can get the refund with the receipt starting Saturday.Gome, the second largest electronics retailer in China, also announced to pay back their customers who bought the product from Feb 18 to March 3 from their stores. Customers could apply for the refund with the receipt starting Sunday.
GUIYANG, Jan. 30 (Xinhua) -- Chen and her mentally handicapped son moved into their newly finished home last December. Shortly afterwards, a month-long cold wave with heavy snow hit their hometown, as well as the majority of southern China.It would have been "terrible" to stay in the old home in such cold weather, said 66-year-old Chen Houlian, a villager from the Tongzi County of southwestern China's Guizhou Province.Dropping temperatures and occasional sleet were predicted before this year's lunar New Year festival, which begins next Thursday.Behind the new home stood their old adobe cottage, with visible cracks on the clay walls. Wooden doors and window frames of that cottage were covered with black smoke due to more than 40 years of indoor cooking, while those of the new house were painted bright blue.In fact, the old house might collapse after the heavy snow, according to Jin Jing, deputy head of the County.Chen's family was one of the poorest in town. The farmland they grew crops on barely produced enough corn and cabbage to meet their needs, while the minimum living subsistence allowance of 2,200 yuan (334 U.S. dollars) each year was their total annual income.They would never be able to afford to build a new home on their own without receiving financial aid from a government project, Jin added.Chen's new house cost over 40,000 yuan. They received 20,000 yuan from the project and 5,000 from the local federation of people with disability. The rest was borrowed from relatives and neighbors.Five pairs of red couplets were posted by each door and window to express their gratitude to all the people who had offered help.On the day they moved in, Chen held an outdoor banquet for the entire village using borrowed money to mark the happiest event this family had witnessed for many decades.The government-funded project was launched over two years ago, after a deadly snow storm hit southern China during Jan-Feb 2008, collapsing nearly half a million rural houses and causing damage to another 1.7 million.The project was designed to provide funds to residents living in dilapidated buildings in impoverished rural regions so they might renovate or build new homes.In Guizhou alone, over 600,000 families had finished building new homes by the end of 2010 with help from that project, as over 4.7 billion yuan was allocated to subsidize this building.The project was part of China's efforts to build its social-security-based housing system, which also includes affordable housing, low-rent housing and public rental housing programs to meet the needs of low-income people amid surging property prices across the country.
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