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BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

CHENGDU, Dec. 29 (Xinhua) -- President Hu Jintao visited quake-hit Sichuan Province over the weekend, showing concern for survivors and inspecting reconstruction work as winter set in.     It was Hu's second visit after the May 12 earthquake. Hu's last visit was on May 16, when quake relief work was in a critical phase.     The 8.0-magnitude quake, centered in Wenchuan County, left more than 69,000 people dead, 374,000 injured, 18,000 missing and millions homeless. Chinese President Hu Jintao visits students and teachers at Guixi Middle School in Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County, southwest China's Sichuan Province, Dec. 27, 2008. President Hu Jintao visited quake-hit Sichuan Province on Dec. 27-29, showing concern for survivors and inspecting reconstruction work.     From Saturday to Monday, Hu visited reconstruction sites, factories, villages, resettlement centers, schools and clinics in battered Mianyang, Deyang, Chengdu and Aba, giving residents and those helping with rebuilding work new year's greetings.     In villages and resettlement centers, Hu went into homes and even the kitchens and bedrooms of local people to see if they were warm enough and well-fed.     "The most important thing is to make sure all people are housed, have clothes and quilts to resist the cold, have enough food for the winter and coming spring, and medical service and epidemic prevention are in place," he said.     At Caijiagang Village, Wenchuan, Hu asked villager Ma Xizhi to be aware of safety problems in using electricity and fire and told local officials to respect farmers' will in building new homes with government subsidies.     At Guixi Middle School in Beichuan County, the president encouraged the students to study hard to repay society's concern. Chinese President Hu Jintao (L Front) shakes hands with a woman as he visits residents of the Xingfu Community in Dujiangyan City, southwest China's Sichuan Province, Dec. 28, 2008. President Hu Jintao visited quake-hit Sichuan Province on Dec. 27-29, showing concern for survivors and inspecting reconstruction work.     He told workers who were rebuilding the school to ensure the quality of the buildings and make them safe and solid.     Hu also inspected the progress of industrial and agricultural reconstruction in the quake areas.     At Dongfang Steam Turbine Works, a large state-owned enterprise, he asked about losses and the recovery of production, urging the employees to speed up the reconstruction and develop the facility into a world-class electric equipment manufacturer.     Many Dongfang employees were killed in the quake. Hu told the officials to pay visits to victims' families during the upcoming festivals and help them solve problems.     The central government has introduced policies to support agricultural recovery, Hu said at a herb production base in Huaxi Village, Dujiangyan. He encouraged growers to make good use of these policies and technology to recover losses from the quake.     The president also expressed respect to workers at reconstruction sites. In Hanwang Township, he praised workers for their hard work and encouraged them to live up to the expectations of the quake region and get their jobs done with high quality and efficiency. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R Front) shakes hands with a woman as he visits workers and inspects production at Dongfang Steam Turbine Works in Hanwang Township of Mianzhu City, southwest China's Sichuan Province, Dec. 28, 2008. President Hu Jintao visited quake-hit Sichuan Province on Dec. 27-29, showing concern for survivors and inspecting reconstruction work.     With the accelerating reconstruction work, demand for construction materials has grown. Hu visited a supply station in Dujiangyan, urging abundant supply and stable prices to serve local needs.     En route to Yingxiu Township, Hu encountered dozens of military vehicles transporting reconstruction material to the quake zone, part of the Chengdu Military District's 1,000-vehicle logistics task force.     Hu praised the soldiers for their contribution to the quake relief and reconstruction, asking them to overcome difficulties and finish the job.     While in Sichuan, Hu also met with provincial officials, encouraging them to fully implement the central government's reconstruction policies.     He told them to put people first, respect nature and seek a balance in speed and quality in rebuilding.     The great quake relief spirits formed in China's fight against the tremendous disaster are very precious, he said, urging the promotion of such spirits among officials at a time of difficulty as an inspiration.

BEIJING, Nov. 5 (Xinhua) -- Agreements on direct flights and shipping, signed on Tuesday in Taipei, are drawing strong interest from airlines and shipping companies from the mainland and Taiwan.     "Regular charter flights, instead of flights only weekends and festivals, were our long-term expectations," said Liu Shaoyong, the general manager of mainland-based China Southern Airlines. "Direct air routes are very good for our business."     A flight from the mainland to Taiwan via Hong Kong under the current arrangement takes two hours and 42 minutes and burns 16 tonnes of fuel. Under the new arrangement, flights will take 69 minutes and burn 7.3 tonnes of fuel.     "Less travel time and expense benefits both passengers and airlines," Liu said.     Wei Hsing-Hsiung, chairman of the board of Taiwan-based China Airlines, was glad to see the number of passenger charter flights increase from 36 on weekends to 108 a week.     "We have profits of about 1.5 million U.S. dollars from weekend charter flights. The figure is likely to reach 5 million dollars due to more flights, while the cost might fall by 20 percent as the route is shorter," he said.     The new agreement only opened one direct air route, between Shanghai and Taipei. Xiamen, the coastal city in southeastern Fujian Province directly opposite to Taiwan, was not included. Mainland's Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS) President Chen Yunlin(R) and Taiwan-based Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) Chairman Chiang Pin-kung attend the symposia on industry and shipping in Taipei, southeast China's Taiwan Province, Nov. 5, 2008. They attended two symposia, one on industry and shipping and the other on finance, that were held against the backdrop of international financial crisis and struggling world economy in Taipei on Wednesday"We are expecting more air routes," said Yang Guanghua, general manager of Xiamen Airlines.     The flight distance between Xiamen and Taipei will be one third shorter than at present and the flying time will be about half, he said.     The two sides said in the agreement that they are going to negotiate another route linking the southern part of Taiwan with the mainland.     To cope with increasing flights, Yang's company plans to use 10more passenger planes next year, he said.     Taiwan's senior economic official Shih Yen-shiang told the local daily China Times on Wednesday that he estimated every direct trip across the Strait could save companies 300,000 New Taiwan dollars (about 9,000 U.S. dollars).     "Based on 4,000 trips a year, 1.2 billion dollars will be saved," he said.     Under the new agreement, the mainland and Taiwan will exempt each other's shipping firms from business and income taxes.     For the container divisions of Taiwan's three leading shipping lines -- Evergreen Marine, Wan Hai Lines and Yang Ming Group -- 60percent could be related to the mainland. Tax cuts will save each 2 to 3 billion NT dollars, another local newspaper, the Commercial Times, said.     Ningbo of eastern Zhejiang Province was one of the 63 ports that the mainland opened to Taiwan ships.     "The most direct effect will be increasing cargo volume," said Tong Mengda, chief economist of Ningbo Port Holding. "The voyage to Taiwan has been cut from 25 hours to ten. This is good for both shipping companies and ports."

BEIJING, Nov. 5 (Xinhua) -- Agreements on direct flights and shipping, signed on Tuesday in Taipei, are drawing strong interest from airlines and shipping companies from the mainland and Taiwan.     "Regular charter flights, instead of flights only weekends and festivals, were our long-term expectations," said Liu Shaoyong, the general manager of mainland-based China Southern Airlines. "Direct air routes are very good for our business."     A flight from the mainland to Taiwan via Hong Kong under the current arrangement takes two hours and 42 minutes and burns 16 tonnes of fuel. Under the new arrangement, flights will take 69 minutes and burn 7.3 tonnes of fuel.     "Less travel time and expense benefits both passengers and airlines," Liu said.     Wei Hsing-Hsiung, chairman of the board of Taiwan-based China Airlines, was glad to see the number of passenger charter flights increase from 36 on weekends to 108 a week.     "We have profits of about 1.5 million U.S. dollars from weekend charter flights. The figure is likely to reach 5 million dollars due to more flights, while the cost might fall by 20 percent as the route is shorter," he said.     The new agreement only opened one direct air route, between Shanghai and Taipei. Xiamen, the coastal city in southeastern Fujian Province directly opposite to Taiwan, was not included. Mainland's Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS) President Chen Yunlin(R) and Taiwan-based Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) Chairman Chiang Pin-kung attend the symposia on industry and shipping in Taipei, southeast China's Taiwan Province, Nov. 5, 2008. They attended two symposia, one on industry and shipping and the other on finance, that were held against the backdrop of international financial crisis and struggling world economy in Taipei on Wednesday"We are expecting more air routes," said Yang Guanghua, general manager of Xiamen Airlines.     The flight distance between Xiamen and Taipei will be one third shorter than at present and the flying time will be about half, he said.     The two sides said in the agreement that they are going to negotiate another route linking the southern part of Taiwan with the mainland.     To cope with increasing flights, Yang's company plans to use 10more passenger planes next year, he said.     Taiwan's senior economic official Shih Yen-shiang told the local daily China Times on Wednesday that he estimated every direct trip across the Strait could save companies 300,000 New Taiwan dollars (about 9,000 U.S. dollars).     "Based on 4,000 trips a year, 1.2 billion dollars will be saved," he said.     Under the new agreement, the mainland and Taiwan will exempt each other's shipping firms from business and income taxes.     For the container divisions of Taiwan's three leading shipping lines -- Evergreen Marine, Wan Hai Lines and Yang Ming Group -- 60percent could be related to the mainland. Tax cuts will save each 2 to 3 billion NT dollars, another local newspaper, the Commercial Times, said.     Ningbo of eastern Zhejiang Province was one of the 63 ports that the mainland opened to Taiwan ships.     "The most direct effect will be increasing cargo volume," said Tong Mengda, chief economist of Ningbo Port Holding. "The voyage to Taiwan has been cut from 25 hours to ten. This is good for both shipping companies and ports."

BEIJING, Jan. 1 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and his U.S. counterpart George W. Bush exchanged congratulatory messages Thursday to mark the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between their two countries. Chinese President Hu Jintao(R) meets with U.S. President George W. Bush in Lima, capital of Peru, Nov. 21, 2008.    The establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States 30 years ago "is a milestone that marked a new chapter in the history of our relations and had a significant and profound impact on the international situation and the world's landscape," Hu said in his congratulatory message.     "For 30 years, thanks to the concerted efforts of generations of Chinese and American leaders and people of vision from all walks of life, we have made historic achievements in growing these relations," the Chinese president said.     "Our two countries have fruitful exchanges and cooperation in a wide range of areas. Our two peoples are increasing mutual understanding and friendship day by day. The strategic significance and global implications of China-U.S. relations have become all the more evident," Hu said.     "These facts have proven that the establishment and development of normal state-to-state relations between China and the United States serves the fundamental interests of our two peoples and go along with the trend of the times. They have not only delivered enormous benefits to our two peoples, but have also greatly contributed to peace, stability and development of Asia and the world at large," Hu said.     The world is now undergoing complex and profound changes, Hu said, adding under the new circumstances and in the face of new opportunities and challenges, China stands ready to work with the United States to build on past achievements, sum up and draw on experience in the development of China-U.S. relations, follow the principles of the three Sino-U.S. joint communiques, and remain committed to the development of a constructive and cooperative relationship.     China is willing to further strengthen dialogue and exchanges with the United States on the basis of mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, enhance mutual trust and cooperation, and continuously expand the basis for cooperation and common interests between the two countries so as "to promote sound, stable and in-depth growth of our constructive and cooperative relationship", Hu said.     In his congratulatory message, President Bush said the decision by the two governments to open formal ties 30 years ago "transcended profound differences in our nations' histories, cultures, and political systems and bridged a seemingly impossible divide."     "The peoples of the United States and China have come to know each other well over the last 30 years. Together, we have built bridges between our two nations in every conceivable field – from commerce and trade to education, science, sports, and the arts," Bush said.     "Over the last eight years, the relationship between our two governments has become more constructive and cooperative, and we have made progress in addressing global challenges such as terrorism, pandemic disease, and the proliferation of nuclear weapons. We have worked as global leaders to promote open markets as the best way to foster economic dynamism and development," he said.     He hoped that over the coming 30 years "our governments will build on this foundation of goodwill and work constructively together to advance the causes of peace, stability, and development."     Bush expressed his confidence that working with common purpose and determination, China and the United States can successfully address global challenges to ensure that "our children inherit a truly better and safer world."