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Arizona Governor Doug Ducey announced during a news conference Wednesday that local governments now have the ability, if they so choose, to mandate masks in their cities.The move comes as healthcare workers and many city leaders across the state called for the governor to make it a statewide requirement to wear masks in public to prevent the spread of coronavirus.Ducey said during the press conference that the amount of positive cases and the percentage of positive cases per test varies greatly by city and county across the state. Therefore, he says he is choosing to leave it up to local governments whether or not to mandate masks.Ducey did not clarify how exactly each local government could implement a mandate on masks, but Phoenix Mayor Kate Gallego tweeted that the Phoenix City Council would vote on a mandate on the upcoming agenda.When asked about how the use of masks would be enforced, Ducey said that would be left up to the mayors to decide.Ducey also announced during the press conference that 300 National Guard members will be called upon to help with contact tracing across the state.A spokesman for the governor has said, "addressing COVID-19 remains our highest priority. Everyone should wear a face covering when out in public and continue to follow public health guidelines."The push to wear masks in public comes as Arizona continues to see a rapid increase in cases, including a record number of additional cases in a 24-hour period between Monday and Tuesday. 1498

As governors around the country consider new or stricter restrictions to control the latest surge in coronavirus cases, a recently published study identifies restaurants, cafes and gyms as some of the places having the highest risk of coronavirus spread outside the home.The study, published this week in the journal Nature, looked at data from millions of Americans, tracked by their phones as they went about daily life during the first wave of the pandemic this spring.They used the data and an epidemiological model to run simulations on viral spread at points of interest outside the home. Their findings in the simulations closely matched actual coronavirus caseloads, according to the Washington Post.“We found large variation in predicted reopening risks: on average across metro areas, full-service restaurants, gyms, hotels, cafes, religious organizations, and limited-service restaurants produced the largest predicted increases in infections when reopened,” the study states.Researchers say these locations pose more risk because the mobility data, data showing how mobile people are at these places, shows Americans tend to spend longer amounts of time and at a higher density of people.Their models add support to pandemic measures around the country that limit capacity at some of these points of interest, including capping indoor gatherings to a certain percentage or number of people.“Reducing maximum occupancy substantially reduced risk without sharply reducing overall mobility: capping at 20% maximum occupancy in the Chicago metro area cut down predicted new infections by more than 80% but only lost 42% of overall visits, and we observed similar trends across other metro areas,” researchers stated.The study also looked at disparities in lower income neighborhoods, where more of the population has to leave their home for essential jobs, grocery delivery may not be available or is financially not possible, and businesses tend to be smaller and potentially more crowded.“Because disadvantaged groups suffer a larger burden of infection, it is critical to not just consider the overall impact of reopening plans but also their disparate impact on disadvantaged groups specifically,” the study states.The researchers hope the information is helpful to policymakers and city leaders as they consider reopening restrictions. 2356

As coronavirus rates rise in most parts of the country, many testing centers are inundated with new patients. Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced the authorization of a brand new rapid COVID-19 test that people can take themselves at home."I think that it’s better to have a faster test than a slower one. People tend to abide by the public health recommendation to self-isolate if they have actual data in a reliable timeframe. The danger is that we’re asking people to do this at home. It's not in a controlled setting like a laboratory," says Dr. Amber Schmidtke, a public health microbiologist.Dr. Schmidtke says there are still questions about how this new rapid at-home test will be interpreted by health officials."I actually don't expect them to report it. I would be surprised. You know, most people don't report a home pregnancy test to our Department of Public Health, for example. But I think this is going to be treated much in the same way as a home pregnancy test. You know, if you call your doctor and say, 'I tested positive at home,' they're going to repeat that test as soon as you come in," says Dr. Schmidtke.The test, which a doctor will have to prescribe, will provide valuable information to people, as long as it is administered correctly."What if they don't do it very well? You have to put it in your nose and rub it around both nares. You have to put it in, swirl it around 15 times. You have to let it sit there for 30 seconds. You have to know which button to read. There's lots of things that can go wrong and so if the test is misunderstood and you don't have a professional looking over your shoulder, it could result in some unfortunate things," says Dr. Stuart Ray, a professor at Johns Hopkins University and infectious disease expert.Dr. Ray hopes people will use the test correctly so that it really does help prevent COVID-19 transmission in the community."What if they use that to decide that they're now negative after exposure so therefore it's safe to go out before their isolation or quarantine ends. And the problem is, they're still in the incubation period so the test is negative but in fact they’re infected," says Dr. Ray.Dr. Ray says it will take time to understand how the test works, but it's exciting to have a new tool for the general public to use. 2340

As mandatory face coverings become more and more common, keep in mind, some are better at protecting from viruses than others.When issuing their face covering guidelines, San Francisco specifically called out masks with one-way valves designed for “easier breathing”, warning that they allow for droplets to get out of the mask and potentially endanger others nearby. These valves are usually about the size of a coin on the side of the mask.The CDC, and many other health departments and officials, urge wearing a mask to prevent the spread of the coronavirus because it can be spread through respiratory droplets. Those droplets are produced into the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, sings, chants, shouts, etc. They can then land on other people nearby or be inhaled by others.The CDC recommends people wear a cloth face covering in public settings, to reduce the transmission of droplets into the air.“There are no high quality studies regarding the use of masks with additional types of various filters placed in them or with ‘breathing valves.’ While widely marketed with various claims, these have not been studied at all and it is unclear if they help or hurt the overall filtration efficacy against microorganisms,” read a statement from Marc Sala, M.D., Assistant Professor of medicine in the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine.People are being asked to leave N95 masks (without a valve) and surgical masks available for medical staff and essential personnel who are coming into daily contact with many infected patients.An N95 mask with an exhalation valve is not recommended because unfiltered air is sent through the valve and into the air, potentially carrying coronavirus droplets. “The presence of an exhalation valve reduces exhalation resistance, which makes it easier to breathe (exhale). Some users feel that a respirator with an exhalation valve keeps the face cooler and reduces moisture build up inside the facepiece. However, respirators with exhalation valves should not be used in situations where a sterile field must be maintained…” according to the CDC’s website.Dr. Sala said testing has shown things like multiple layers of cotton fabric is better than a single layer, material of a higher thread count is more effective, and overall, “these studies emphasized the notion that if a mask doesn’t have a good fit (has gaps) its effectiveness is dramatically reduced.” Dr. Sala said even if the cloth mask is not ideal, it can still play a major role in preventing illness as more masks are worn by the population as a whole.Bottom line, choose a fabric face covering that fits and is comfortable around your ears or head, and keep it on while in public, especially when social distancing is not possible, to protect you and the people around you. 2864

An 11-year-old elephant died at Reid Park Zoo in Tucson, Arizona on Tuesday.Punga, a male, died due to double mesenteric root torsion, also known as twisted gut.The condition is known to occur suddenly and is usually deadly. According to Reid Park Zoo veterinarian Alexis Moreno, torsions are more common in horses than in elephants. The cause is not known. Post-mortem tests could reveal the cause in several weeks. 429