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MORGANTOWN, W.V. – Murder hornets have had their time in the spotlight. Now, scientists say they've discovered “zombie cicadas.”It's a playful name from researchers at West Virginia University, who say they've found that a parasitic fungus, called Massospora, can play mind games on cicadas, causing them to infect others.Researcher showed that the psychedelic fungus can manipulate male cicadas into flicking their wings like females – a mating call – which tempts unsuspecting male cicadas and infects them.The fungus contains chemicals like those found in hallucinogenic mushrooms, according to research published in the journal PLOS Pathogens.“Essentially, the cicadas are luring others into becoming infected because their healthy counterparts are interested in mating,” said Brian Lovett, study co-author and post-doctoral researcher with the Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design. “The bioactive compounds may manipulate the insect to stay awake and continue to transmit the pathogen for longer.”The authors of the study compared the effects of the fungus to a “B-horror movie.” Massospora spores gnaw away at a cicada’s genitals, butt and abdomen, replacing them with fungal spores. Then, Lovett says they “wear away like an eraser on a pencil.”Lovett also compared the transmission of the behavior-modifying virus to rabies. He says both rabies and entomopathogenic fungi enlist their living hosts for successful “active host transmission.”“When you're infected with rabies, you become aggressive, you become afraid of water and you don't swallow,” Lovett said. “The virus is passed through saliva and all of those symptoms essentially turn you into a rabies-spreading machine where you're more likely to bite people."In that sense, Lovett says many of us are familiar with active host transmission.“Since we are also animals like insects, we like to think we have complete control over our decisions and we take our freewill for granted,” he said. “But when these pathogens infect cicadas, it's very clear that the pathogen is pulling the behavioral levers of the cicada to cause it to do things which are not in the interest of the cicada but is very much in the interest of the pathogen.”Researchers say cicada nymphs could encounter Massospora in their 17th year as they emerge from the ground to molt into adults or on their way down to feed on roots for 17 years.“The fungus could more or less lay in wait inside its host for the next 17 years until something awakens it, perhaps a hormone cue, where it possibly lays dormant and asymptomatic in its cicada host,” said co-author Matthew Kasson.As grotesque as an infected decaying cicada sounds, researchers say they’re generally harmless to humans. They also reproduce at such a rate that the fungi’s extermination of hordes of cicadas has little effect on their overall population.“They're very docile,” Lovett said. “You can walk right up to one, pick it up to see if it has the fungus (a white to yellowish plug on its back end) and set it back down. They’re not a major pest in any way. They’re just a really interesting quirky insect that’s developed a bizarre lifestyle." 3172

Months after COVID-19 forced an unprecedented global shutdown that set the stage for historic job losses, things are starting to go back to normal.Unemployment appears to be improving – at least at surface level. The monthly unemployment rate declined in May and the economy added an estimated 2.5 million jobs that month.But there’s a disparity these reports don’t highlight – what unemployment looks like right now for people of color.In May, unemployment was highest among Latinx workers, at 17.6%. In the same month, Black unemployment reached 16.8%, its highest level in a decade. Asian unemployment also rose in May, to 15%.You start to see disparities when you bring in white unemployment. In May, it dropped 2.5% to 12.4%. That’s the biggest monthly drop – and lowest monthly rate – of any group.Experts say career distribution can help explain some of the disparities. People of color fill a disproportionate number of jobs in retail and hospitality. Those jobs were some of the first to be cut as the new coronavirus spread.But people of color also fill a big portion of jobs like grocery clerks and cooks. Those jobs, which are considered “essential” right now, traditionally don’t pay much and have been considered most expendable in past economic downturns.With Black workers earning the lowest median income of any group in the United States, experts worry any cuts to the currently “essential” workforce would have a disproportionate impact.Beyond the pandemic, numbers show Black unemployment is consistently higher than white unemployment. There’s been progress, though. The gap has been narrowing since the great recession and reached a low point in late 2019. 1686

NBC News and PBS report that the Trump administration will end funding to 13 COVID-19 testing sites in five states at the end of June.According to PBS reporter Yamiche Alcindor, the testing sites are located in Illinois, New Jersey, Colorado, Pennsylvania, and Texas.Reports of the administration's decision came a day after the U.S. reported 34,700 new cases of the virus — the third-highest single-day increase of new cases since the pandemic began.The reports also come after days of contradicting messaging regarding testing within the administration. At a rally in Tulsa on Saturday, President Donald Trump said that he had ordered health experts to "slow down" testing to limit the number of newly reported infections.On Monday, Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany said during a press briefing that Trump made those comments "in jest." Trump contradicted McEnany's assertion on Tuesday when asked about his comments, adding that he "doesn't kid."Also on Tuesday, Dr. Anthony Fauci and other top health officials in the White House said they had not been directed to slow down testing.Health experts widely agree that increased testing capacity is a key tenet in slowing and preventing the coronavirus' spread. 1220

More than 500 spellers will have a chance to compete for the title of Champion at this year's Scripps National Spelling Bee, which is May 29-31 in National Harbor, Maryland.This record number of spellers, 516, comes with the introduction of RSVBee, an invitational program that has created more opportunities for champion spellers to compete in the national finals. The Bee invited 238 qualified spellers through RSVBee.Sponsors of regional bees wrapped up their local events in April, with 278 local champions qualifying for the national finals.“Bee Week is a special experience that challenges the mind and warms the heart,” said Paige Kimble, executive director of the Scripps National Spelling Bee. “To welcome more spellers than ever to compete exemplifies the evolution of our program and the vast interest from families across the country. With RSVBee, we are leveling the playing field for national finals qualification and providing more opportunities for students to experience all the thrills, friendships and memories that come from the event.”To qualify for RSVBee, spellers had to win their school spelling bee or be a former national finalist and attend a school enrolled in the Bee program. Parents applied on behalf of their child and paid a 0 participation fee to accept an invitation.   1331

Minneapolis city council passed 2021 budget funding that includes cutting .7 million from the city's police department and redirecting those funds to social programs, according to the Minneapolis Star Tribune, CNN and CBS News.The 2021 budget is the first one the city has passed since the death of George Floyd at the hands of police in May. Floyd's death sparked a nationwide protest movement against police brutality.According to the Star Tribune, the .7 million in police budget cuts will be redistributed to fund mental health crisis teams, as well as train 911 dispatchers to assess mental health crisis calls. The budget cuts will also allow other employees to handle theft and property damage reports.However, the Star Tribune notes that the budget keeps in place a plan for the department to hire more officers in future years. The council initially planned to pass a budget that would drop department staffing levels from 770 to 750 in 2022 but kept in place the department's current staffing target of 888 to avoid a veto from Mayor Jacob Frey."My colleagues were right to leave the targeted staffing level unchanged from 888 and continue moving forward with our shared priorities," Frey said in a statement. "The additional funding for new public safety solutions will also allow the City to continue upscaling important mental health, non-police response, and social service components in our emergency response system."The new budget comes as progressive Democrats call on local municipalities to "defund the police" and re-allocate those funds to social services. Other major cities like New York City and Albuquerque, New Mexico have removed funding from departments or shifted some emergency responsibilities away from armed police officers.Floyd died in May when a Minneapolis police officer kneeled on his neck for nearly nine minutes as they attempted to take him into custody for using counterfeit money to buy cigarettes. Several other officers stood by as Officer Derek Chauvin knelt on Floyd's neck as he struggled to breathe. Chauvin and three other officers face charges in connection to Floyd's death. 2140