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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Students, friends, and family are mourning the sudden death of a beloved East County teacher.John Berray, a longtime and well-known math teacher in Grossmont Union High School District, was seriously injured when he was leaving for work on Jan. 29.For an unknown reason, he got out of his car without it being placed in "park" and became pinned between his vehicle and his wife's vehicle, the county Medical Examiner said. He was taken to a nearby hospital to be treated for an anoxic brain injury before he was pronounced dead on Feb. 12.According to a statement from Grossmont Union High School District, Berray worked at the district office as a digital learning coach. He most recently served as the district's math curriculum specialist where his passion for math led to innovations being used district wide.By all accounts, Berray was not only an exceptional educator but a husband, father, and friend.His career started in 1995 at West Hills High. He was selected by his students as the Golden Apple Award winner in 2000 and once again in 2008. His peers named him the West Hill High School teacher of the year in 2014. He went on to be named one of five 2014-15 San Diego County Teachers of the Year.After his passing, social media was filled with people living their thoughts and memories of Berray and his impact.Students, colleagues, and family will honor Berray with a memorial planned on March 14, Pi Day, at Journey Community Church in La Mesa. Those wishing to attend are asked to wear blue, Berray's favorite color. 1558

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Support for the Black Lives Matter movement is now visible on a downtown San Diego street.Over the weekend, various Black Lives Matter banners were put up on Broadway, between Third Avenue and Kettner Boulevard.The banners showcase the work of San Diego-based artist Anthony Tyson, and they display the message that Black lives of every age, gender, preference, past, and future matter.“You know, not that many people of my color, of my ethnicity is around this area. So, my people can come down and see it, and then also you have people that are used to this area seeing something different. And it gets them to ask the question of ‘what is this?’ and that's all you really need at the end of the day,” Tyson told ABC 10News.Tyson collaborated with the nonprofit Downtown San Diego Partnership for the project.“The Downtown Partnership believes strongly in its duty to ensure organizational efforts are promoting equality and addressing systemic injustice and racial discrimination wherever they exist. In addition to commitments made within the organization, the Downtown Partnership is working to foster a greater sense of cultural vibrancy through placemaking and special projects. Particularly when those efforts can highlight historically disadvantaged cultural institutions and artists,” the organization said in a news release. 1363

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The driver of an SUV involved in an apparent road rage incident in Oceanside that resulted in his vehicle ending up on its side appeared in court Friday. 180

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The National Parks Service will survey San Diego's Chicano Park and its murals as part of efforts to add the land to the national list.The reconnaissance survey is expected to be completed next year and will evaluate the significance of the park and its artwork.The NPS announcement comes after Rep. Juan Vargas introduced a bill in 2019, The Chicano Park Preservation Act, that would require the Department of Interior to conduct a study of the park's merits for national affiliation.RELATED: Bill pushes to add San Diego's Chicano Park to National Park SystemVargas said in a release Wednesday that the NPS is willing to conduct the study without passing a bill requiring the department to do so."I’m very pleased to learn that the National Park Service will begin their preliminary assessment of Chicano Park early next year. The National Park Service affiliation will help protect the park’s longevity and legacy," said Vargas.Being affiliated with the NPS would allow the park to be eligible for technical or financial aid. The recognition would also allow Chicano Park to be, "recognized, preserved, and protected as an American history landmark," Vargas adds.RELATED: Celebrating Community: Chicano Park approaches 50th anniversary"Chicano Park is our spiritual home and represents a defining moment of victory for the Barrio Logan and Chicano community," said Vargas. "I will continue my work in Congress to ensure that Chicano Park is eligible and recognized as an affiliated site of the National Park System."Chicano Park was created in 1970 after the Barrio Logan community boycotted the construction of a California Highway Patrol station underneath the San Diego-Coronado Bay Bridge.In 1980, it received designation as an official historical site by the San Diego Historical Site Board. It listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013 and as a National Historical Landmark in 2016.RELATED: Lease approved for Chicano Park museum and community centerThroughout the year, locals and tourists visit the roughly 80 murals that depict San Diego and Chicano history and culture.Victor Ochoa, who painted some of the murals, told ABC 10News the history depicted in Chicano Park's art is truly representative of the community because it lacks censorship and showcases important figures."The park in itself acts as kind of like an obstacle to just eradicate our heritage, our history, our community," Ochoa said. "I see the spiritual energy more and more in the park and the murals, and the murals become even more historical documents."On April 20, 2020, Chicano Park celebrated its 50th anniversary. 2646

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