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BEIJING, June 28 (Xinhuanet) -- The figure of adults with diabetes has risen to 347 million worldwide, which is more than doubled in the past three decades, according to a study published in the British journal Lancet.The study, which analyzed data compiled from 2.7 million participants aged 25 and over from across the world, shows approximately 138 million in China have diabetes, and 36 million in the United States.Among high-income countries, diabetes rates were the highest in the U.S., Greenland, Malta, New Zealand, and Spain. The Netherlands, Austria, and France boasted the lowest rates, suggested the study published online by The Lancet journal on June 25.Majid Ezzati, a lead author of the study, said on Reuters: “Diabetes is becoming more common almost everywhere in the world.”Danaei added: “Unless we develop better programs for detecting people with elevated blood sugar and helping them to improve their diet and physical activity and control their weight, diabetes will inevitably continue to impose a major burden on health systems around the world.”

LOS ANGELES, July 19 (Xinhua) -- Obesity prevalence was 30 percent or higher in 12 states of the United States last year, compared to nine states in 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said on Tuesday.In 2000, no states in the country had obesity rates that high, and now obesity is a problem in all 50 states, the agency said in a report based on telephone interviews with 400,000 people.Obesity rates vary by region, led by the South at 29.4 percent, followed by the Midwest at 28.7 percent, the Northeast at 24.9 percent, and the West at 24.1 percent, the report said.Mississippi had the nation's highest obesity prevalence at 34 percent, and Colorado the lowest at 21 percent, according to the report.Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and West Virginia all had obesity rates of 30 percent or higher in 2010, said the report.No state met the federal Healthy People 2010 goal of a 15 percent obesity rate. In fact, no state had a rate lower than 20 percent, the CDC said.Obesity rates have kept rising despite a steady drumbeat of warnings that obesity causes serious health problems and increases the risk of premature death, CDC officials said.An adult is considered obese if he or she has a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater.

LOS ANGELES, July 18 (Xinhua) -- At least 70 genetic mutations may be involved in the formation of colon cancer, far more than scientists previously thought, a new study suggests.The study by researchers at University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center contradicts previous thinking that only a few mutated genes may play a role in the development of colon cancer."The ways we've been treating patients up to now is to just go after one target when we should be going after three to four different pathways simultaneously," said Dr. Jerry W. Shay, vice chairman and professor of cell biology at UT Southwestern.The new study identified 65 candidate genes and at least five passenger genes whose mutations play significant roles in cancer development. Inactivating the function of any of these tumor- suppressing genes led to a key step in cancer development called anchorage-independent growth, meaning cells piled up on top of each other rather than aligning neatly.According to previous studies, there were 151 candidate genes and that mutations in just eight to 15 of them would lead to cancer. There were 700 other genes classified as passenger genes whose mutations were incidental to cancer growth.Current cancer treatments target just one or two known cancer- driver genes. While patients may get transient tumor burden reduction, almost universally tumor growth returns."Those numbers are dead wrong," Dr. Shay said, suggesting a new approach to colon cancer treatments targeting multiple genes and pathways simultaneously.The next step is further research to classify more accurately which genes drive cancer and which are merely passengers, the researchers said.Study findings were published in the July 2011 Cancer Research (Priority Reports).

BEIJING, June 28 (Xinhuanet) -- A truck-sized asteroid passed over the Atlantic Ocean within 7,500 miles of the Earth on Monday, according to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.The space rock, called asteroid 2011 MD, is the second space rock to zip extremely close to the Earth this year.The asteroid, with latest size estimates ranging from 16 to 66 feet (5 to 20 meters) wide, was discovered just last week on June 22, but there was never any risk of it impacting the Earth, NASA scientists said. That means asteroid 2011 MD would likely be too small to survive the fiery plunge through the Earth's atmosphere, let alone reach the surface, NASA scientists said. Asteroids this size can be expected to buzz Earth with close shaves about once every six years, they added.The space rock flew well below geosynchronous satellites, which orbit 22,236 miles (35,786 km) above the Earth, but well above the 220-mile (354-km) altitude of the International Space Station.There was little chance that the asteroid would hit a satellite because of the vastness of space and relatively small number of satellites, experts said.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 4 (Xinhua) -- Researchers have found a way to turn mouse embryonic stem cells into sperm and this finding opens up new avenues for infertility research and treatment, according to a study published Thursday in the online edition of journal Cell,A Kyoto University team coaxed mouse embryonic stem cells into sperm precursors, called primordial germ cells (PGCs), and shown that these cells can give rise to healthy sperm. The researchers say that such in vitro reconstitution of germ cell development represents one of the most fundamental challenges in biology.When transplanted into mice that were unable to produce sperm normally, the stem cell derived PGCs produced normal-looking sperm, which were then used to successfully fertilize eggs. These fertilized eggs, when transplanted into a recipient mother, produced healthy offspring that grew into fertile male and female adult mice. The same procedure could produce fertile offspring from induced pluripotent stem cells that are often derived from adult skin cells."Continued investigations aimed at in vitro reconstitution of germ cell development, including the induction of female primordial germ cell-like cells and their descendants, will be crucial for a more comprehensive understanding of germ cell biology in general, as well as for the advancement of reproductive technology and medicine," the researchers wrote.

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