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In regions of the United States and Mexico that are prone to hurricanes, aggressive spiders are evolving to survive and ride out the storm.When hurricanes rage along the Gulf of Mexico or charge up the East Coast, they can reshape an entire habitat in a short time. The winds destroy trees and spread debris for miles, putting new pressure on the creatures living in these environments.But how do creatures adapt when their habitats are so disturbed? Researchers looked at Anelosimus studiosus spiders that live in storm-prone areas along the coast to see how they changed. Their study was published Monday in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution.These weather systems are called "black swan events": a surprising event with a major impact that is explained with the benefit of hindsight. They don't offer much lead time, so the researchers had to scramble to study the spider colonies before and after projected storms.The team monitored Subtropical Storm Alberto and Hurricanes Florence and Michael during the 2018 hurricane season. They tried to anticipate the systems' trajectories and study areas that included 240 female spider colonies, comparing them with areas where spider colonies were unaffected by such storms.The researchers returned to the sites hit by the storms 48 hours later. About 75% of the colonies survived the initial storm strikes."It is tremendously important to understand the environmental impacts of these 'black swan' weather events on evolution and natural selection," said Jonathan Pruitt, lead study author, evolutionary biologist and Canada 150 Chair in McMaster University's Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour. "As sea levels rise, the incidence of tropical storms will only increase. Now more than ever we need to contend with what the ecological and evolutionary impacts of these storms will be for non-human animals."The A. studiosis spider species has two main personality traits that are inherited: docile and aggressive.Aggressiveness can be determined based on their speed, attackers pursuing prey, cannibalizing male spiders as well as eggs and their vulnerability to the invasion of predatory spiders.On the one hand, aggressive colonies are better at gathering resources in times of scarcity. But when deprived of food or subjected to overheating, aggressive colonies can also suffer from infighting."Tropical cyclones likely impact both of these stressors by altering the numbers of flying prey and increasing sun exposure from a more open canopy layer," Pruitt said. "Aggressiveness is passed down through generations in these colonies, from parent to daughter, and is a major factor in their survival and ability to reproduce."The researchers determined that after a storm passed, the colonies that aggressively pursued food and resources were able to produce more egg cases. The spiderlings also had a better chance of surviving into early winter.In areas that weren't hit by storms, docile colonies thrived.These findings were consistent even as the storms varied in duration, intensity and size. The researchers believe this shows that extreme events can shape animal behaviors. They would like to conduct more long-term studies to learn whether this is the case. 3250

Kia is joining its affiliate Hyundai in recalling thousands of vehicles in the U.S. because water can get into a brake computer, cause an electrical short and possibly a fire.The Kia recall covers nearly 229,000 Sedona minivans from the 2006 through 2010 model years. Also covered are Sorento SUVs from 2007 through 2009. Kia is telling owners to park their vehicles outside and away from structures and other vehicles until the problem can be fixed.The company says in documents posted Thursday by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration that moisture can get into the antilock brake control computer and cause an electrical short and possible fires. Kia has reports of seven fires, but no injuries. The problem can happen even if the engine is turned off.The recall is another in a series of problems that the South Korean automakers have had with engine fires during the past few years. Past problems have triggered investigations by the U.S. road safety agency.Dealers will install a relay in the main electrical junction box to stop power from going to the brake computer when the engine is off. The recall is expected to start April 10.Earlier this month, Hyundai recalled nearly 430,000 small cars due to the same problem. That recall covered certain 2006 through 2011 Elantra and 2007 through 2011 Elantra Touring vehicles. Both companies said the rate of fires is low, but Hyundai is not recommending that the cars be parked outside.Hyundai said in documents that it has three reports of fires and no related injuries. Last April, NHTSA opened two new investigations into fires involving Hyundai and Kia vehicles after getting complaints of more than 3,100 fires and 103 injuries.The agency granted a petition seeking the investigations by the nonprofit Center for Auto Safety, a consumer advocacy group.The investigations, one for Hyundai and the other for Kia, cover noncrash fires in almost 3 million vehicles from the affiliated automakers. The probes cover the 2011 through 2014 Hyundai Sonata and Santa Fe, the 2011 through 2014 Kia Optima and Sorento, and the 2010 through 2015 Kia Soul. The complaints came from consumers and from data provided by both automakers.NHTSA had previously said it would incorporate the noncrash fires into a 2017 investigation that examined recalls of Hyundai and Kia vehicles for engine failures. It opened the new probes “based on the agency’s analysis of information received from multiple manufacturers, consumer complaints and other sources.”Engine failure and fire problems with Hyundais and Kias have affected more than 6 million vehicles since 2015, according to NHTSA documents. So far, Hyundai and Kia have recalled about 2.4 million vehicles to fix problems that can cause fires and engine failures.In addition, the automakers are doing a “product improvement campaign” covering another 3.7 million vehicles to install software that will alert drivers of possible engine failures and send the cars into a reduced-speed “limp” mode if problems are detected. 3041

John Pregulman is on a mission to ensure that those who survived the Holocaust are not forgotten. Pregulman is occupied with documenting the estimated 200,000 still-living Holocaust survivors. “Their biggest fear is that they’ll be forgotten,” Pregulman said as he was surrounded by hundreds of portraits he took of survivors taped and pinned onto four walls.Among those Pregulman has documented was Mildred Ferro, 93, who said she was age 11 when she moved to the United States. Pregulman recently visited a senior living community to capture Ferro’s picture and story.Pregulman’s became motivated when he learned that many survivors worry that their story will be forgotten in history. What started as a one-time gig, taking photos at an event outside of Chicago five years ago, has turned into almost an obsession.“I took their pictures, they shared their stores, and I just became completely enthralled with these amazing people who I expected to be sad and unable to get past what had happened, and yet they were the happiest most positive and accomplished people I had met in a very long time,” he said.In hearing their stories, Pregulman and his wife soon learned a disturbing statistic: roughly one-in-three Holocaust survivors live in poverty.“Dignity had to be the centerpiece of everything,” his wife Amy Israel Pregulman said. “They deserve that.”They’ve started a non-profit called 1407

It comes every year on the third Sunday of June. Father's Day can be a struggle to find the right gift or activity to celebrate dad. There are the usual neckties and socks or breakfast in bed. But for a bigger impact, volunteering with your dad or donating in his name could be just the thing.Giving a mealBefore (or after) your family goes out to eat on Father's Day, you could help provide meals to those in need by volunteering at a local soup kitchen or food bank. 481

Kevin Tsujihara, the head of WarnerMedia's movie and television studio, is leaving the company amid an investigation into allegations about an improper relationship with an actress.There is no immediate word about his successor.John Stankey, the CEO of WarnerMedia, said Monday that "it is in the best interest of WarnerMedia, Warner Bros., our employees and our partners for Kevin to step down as Chairman and CEO of Warner Bros. Kevin has contributed greatly to the studio's success over the past 25 years and for that we thank him. Kevin acknowledges that his mistakes are inconsistent with the Company's leadership expectations and could impact the Company's ability to execute going forward."Earlier this month Tsujihara was given additional responsibilities and a new title, chairman and CEO of Warner Bros. Entertainment, amid a broader reorganization of WarnerMedia, which also owns CNN.Days later, 919