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Federal officials on Wednesday banned electrical shock devices used to discourage aggressive, self-harming behavior in patients with mental disabilities.The announcement from the Food and Drug Administration follows years of pressure from disability rights groups and mental health experts who have called the treatment outdated, ineffective and unethical. The agency first announced its intent to ban the devices in 2016.For years, the shock devices have been used by only one place in the U.S., the Judge Rotenberg Educational Center of Canton, Massachusetts, a residential school for people with autism and other psychiatric, developmental or mental disabilities. The FDA said Wednesday it estimates 45 to 50 people at the school are currently being treated with the device.School administrators have called the shocks a last resort to prevent dangerous behaviors, such as head-banging, throwing furniture or attacking teachers or classmates. The center has continued to use the shock devices under a decades-old legal settlement with the state of Massachusetts, but needs court approval before beginning use on each resident.School officials said in a statement they plan to challenge the government ban in court. A parents’ group also defended the practice and said it would fight the ban.“FDA made a decision based on politics, not facts, to deny this life saving, court-approved treatment,” the school said. Electric shocks and other painful or unpleasant treatments known as “aversive conditioning” were more widely accepted decades ago. But mainstream psychiatry now relies on behavioral modification, prescription drugs and other therapies that have proven more effective.“Through advancements in medical science, there are now more treatment options available to reduce or stop self-injurious or aggressive behavior,” said Dr. William Maisel, a director in the FDA’s device center, in a statement.The Rotenberg school has used shock devices carried in students’ backpacks, which were attached to their arms and legs via electrodes. School staffers could trigger a two-second shock to a patient’s skin by using a remote controller.Some patients from the Rotenberg center have compared the shocks to a bee sting or worse. The school has faced several lawsuits brought by families who said their children were traumatized by the shocks.Other parents say that the technique is the only thing that prevents violent, sometimes life-threatening behavior in their children.“We will continue to fight to keep our loved ones safe and alive and to retain access to this treatment of last resort which has allowed them to live a productive life,” said members of the Rotenberg’s parents association, in a statement. “There is simply no alternative.” The FDA, echoing psychiatric experts, said that the shock therapy can exacerbate dangerous behaviors and lead to depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Patients have also suffered burns and tissue damage due to the device, the agency said.Regulators said patients should instead receive treatments that focus on eliminating factors that trigger the behaviors or teaching patients coping skills to deal with them. The FDA has only banned two other products in more than 40 years of regulating medical devices -- powdered surgical gloves, which can cause allergic reactions, and fake hair implants, which caused infections and didn’t work. Typically, the FDA addresses safety issues by adding new warning labels or modifying instructions for devices. But the agency concluded that the problems with the shock devices could only be addressed by banning them.___Follow Matthew Perrone on Twitter: @AP_FDAwriter___The Associated Press receives 3717

How would you like to major in beer? That's right, you can now get a degree in brewing.With craft beer now a multi-billion dollar industry, we're learning more students are now studying the science of suds. Among those students is Chris Thibodeau, who recently graduated from Metropolitan State University in Denver, with a degree in brewery operations.“For the love of beer," says Thibodeau of the reason he decided on this major. Thibodeau says he's drawn to the process of making beer, as well as the beer community.A retired United States Air Force veteran, Thibodeau has turned his love of beer into a second career. He says that the brewery program is just as difficult as military life.“It's not just drinking beer and having a party,” he said. “It’s hard work but it's rewarding in the end.”As the craft beer industry continues to grow, there's now a growing number of colleges across the country offering what you could call "brewology" degrees.“Honestly, you get an incredible grounding in every aspect of what it takes to operate a brewery, what it means to make beer, what it takes to sell beer,” said Ethan Tsai, an MSU Denver beer industry program instructor. Tsai says brewing is a science. He also makes the curriculum sound like more of a headache than a hangover.“The microbiology that you need to know or understand to brew beer, the chemistry involved in that, its fairly extensive,” Tsai said. Four years of studying mathematical equations and malting barley has paid dividends for Thibodeau, as he recently received his degree during a special veteran’s graduation ceremony at the MSU Denver campus. He also accepted a part-time position at Tivoli Brewing Company in Denver.“This brewery program has been amazing,” he said. “Just the insight to all the different aspects of brewing and preparing us for any situation we might encounter in a brewery.”More veterans seem to share Thibodeau's passion for studying brewing science. Tsai says 15 percent of the students in MSU Denver's brewery operations program are US veterans. 2059

For the second time in three years, Clemson is on top of the college football world, crushing Alabama in unexpected fashion by a 44-16 margin on Monday evening. With Alabama entering Monday's title game as the prohibitive favorite, the two squads competed as the clear top two squads in college football after impressive semifinal victories. Clemson, the No. 2-seed in the Playoff, easily defeated previously unbeaten Notre Dame 30-3 in last month's Cotton Bowl. Alabama easily beat Oklahoma 45-34 in last month's Orange Bowl. Although Alabama has claimed five national titles in the last decade, it has yet to win back-to-back championships. Clemson picks up its third title in program history. Clemson also became the first ever undefeated College Football Playoff champion, and the first modern college football team to finish the season 15-0.2019 marked the fifth College Football Playoff. Alabama has made the finals of the last four playoffs. Clemson has played in three College Football Playoff finals, squaring off against Bama all three times. Alabama held a 16-14 lead early in the second quarter. From there, Clemson dominated and shutout Alabama's high-powered offense the rest of the game. Freshman quarterback Trevor Lawrence of Clemson outdueled his 'Bama counterpart Tua Tagovailoa by completing three touchdown passes and not getting picked off. Clemson's ability to convert on third down was a key difference, going 10-for-15, whereas Alabama went 4-for-13. 1489

GREENVILLE, Tenn. – Police in Tennessee shot and killed an off-duty corrections officer who had reportedly targeted a woman he had been dating. The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (TBI) 200

For Monica Cooper, making it on the outside was tougher than she thought it would be. After spending more than a decade behind bars, Cooper came out of prison ready to rebuild her life. She finished college, earned a bachelor's degree to make herself marketable, and set out to find employment.Monica isn't alone. The National Employment Law Project says an estimated 70 million people, or one in three adults, have a prior arrest or conviction record. And while many exit prison ready to rejoin and contribute to their communities, they're often stopped by one little box. On an initial job application, many employers ask if applicants have been convicted of a felony. This forces many returning from incarceration to check yes, explain their conviction, or leave it blank. Advocates say that pesky box is leaving thousands of qualified workers on the shelf. Since 2004, a growing number of states have taken actions to get that box removed. The latest effort is happening in Maryland.Kimberly Haven says she was haunted knowing she'd have to check "yes" on her application for decades after completing her sentence. She's spent years advocating to get rid of that box, first successfully in Baltimore. The first version of the bill was passed in Baltimore City, and then several other counties adopted their own version. Now a statewide bill has made it to the capitol in Annapolis for consideration.Maryland Delegate Nick Mosby is pushing a statewide bill that would get rid of the box on the initial application. An employer can ask about a criminal history in the first interview but must wait to run a background check until a conditional offer has been made. He says it's just about getting employers to meet these applicants face-to-face.Certain jobs, like ones in law enforcement or one that would require you to work with minors, are excluded from the bill. Those who support it say it reduces recidivism and hits an untapped skilled resource. Put simply, they say it's a smart economic decision.But Cailey Locklair Tolle, who testified against the bill, says employers have a right to know up front whether the potential employee has a criminal history.A 2012 ruling at the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission said employers should only consider convictions directly related to a job and whether the applicant is likely to commit the same crime again. The EEOC made discrimination based on conviction records a violation of federal employment law. Maryland hopes to be the 12th state to pass the law mandating the box removal in both the public and private sectors. A federal bill has also been introduced in Congress. Kimberly says laws like these will make the difference to thousands of returning from incarceration every year. 2792