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WASHINGTON, July 18 (Xinhua) -- Exposure to secondhand smoke ( SHS) is associated with increased risk of hearing loss among adolescents, according to a report in the July issue of Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery.Among U.S. children, approximately 60 percent are exposed to SHS, according to background information in the article. Studies have associated exposure to secondhand smoke prenatally or during childhood with various health conditions, from low birth weight and respiratory infections to behavioral problems and otitis media. Children exposed to SHS are more likely to develop recurrent otitis media, the authors note. "Secondhand smoke may also have the potential to have an impact on auditory development, leading to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)," they add.Anil Lalwani and colleagues from New York University Langone Medical Center examined the risk factors for SNHL, including SHS, among adolescents, stratified by demographic groups. They included 1,533 individuals from 12 years to 19 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2006.Participants were interviewed about their health status and family medical history, exposure to SHS, and self-recognition of hearing impairment. In addition, they underwent a physical examination, including blood testing for cotinine (a by-product of nicotine exposure), and hearing tests.Compared with teens who had no SHS exposure, those who were exposed to secondhand smoke exhibited higher rates of low- and high-frequency hearing loss. The rate of hearing loss appeared to be cumulative, increasing with the level of cotinine detected by blood tests. The results also demonstrated that more than 80 percent of participants with hearing loss did not realize they had impairment.As hearing loss early in life can cause problems with development and functioning, the authors suggest that these results have "significant implications for public health in the United States."They note that most adolescents do not receive screening for hearing loss in the absence of risk factors.If further studies replicate these results, they state, SHS could be considered one such risk factor.
LOS ANGELES, July 6 (Xinhua) -- NASA scientists have got the first-ever, up-close details of a Saturn storm that is eight times the surface area of Earth, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL) announced on Wednesday.The images were captured by NASA's Cassini spacecraf, according to JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.On Dec. 5, 2010, Cassini first detected the storm that has been raging ever since. It appears approximately 35 degrees north latitude of Saturn.The storm is the biggest observed by spacecraft orbiting or flying by Saturn. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope captured images in 1990 of an equally large storm.Pictures from Cassini's imaging cameras show the storm wrapping around the entire planet covering approximately two billion square miles (4 billion square kilometers).The storm is about 500 times larger than the biggest storm previously seen by Cassini during several months from 2009 to 2010. At its most intense, the storm generated more than 10 lightning flashes per second.Cassini has detected 10 lightning storms on Saturn since the spacecraft entered the planet's orbit.Those storms rolled through an area in the southern hemisphere dubbed "Storm Alley." "Cassini shows us that Saturn is bipolar," said Andrew Ingersoll, a Cassini imaging team member at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. "Saturn is not like Earth and Jupiter, where storms are fairly frequent. Weather on Saturn appears to hum along placidly for years and then erupt violently. I'm excited we saw weather so spectacular on our watch."The new details about this storm complement atmospheric disturbances described recently by scientists using Cassini's composite infrared spectrometer and the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. NASA's JPL manages the mission for the agency's Science Mission Directorate in Washington.

BRUSSELS, May 31 (Xinhua) -- A deadly outbreak of E.coli linked to contaminated cucumbers is sending Europe on high alert, as death toll from the disease climbed to 16 till Tuesday.So far, 15 people have reportedly died and more than 300 were seriously ill from infections linked to tainted vegetables in Germany. Experts said the numbers are expected to increase in the coming week."We hope the number of cases will go down but we fear it will worsen," said Oliver Grieve, spokesperson with the University Medical Center Schleswig where most German victims are being treated.The German government has identified the pathogen as hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a serious complication of a type of E. coli known as Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC). The bacteria could damage blood cells and kidneys, and hence cause deaths.A woman in her 50s was confirmed to be the first fatal victim out of Germany by a local hospital on Tuesday. Officials at the hospital in Boras, southwestern Sweden, said the woman, who had recently traveled to Germany, was admitted on May 29.Swedish health authorities already said on Sunday that 36 people, all linked to travel in northern Germany, had been confirmed to have infected with E.coli, whereas cases were also reported in France, the Netherlands, Denmark and Britain.It was the second food scare for European consumers this year. In January, highly toxic dioxin was found in eggs, poultry and pork products across Germany.
BEIJING, Aug. 24 (Xinhua) -- China will prioritize the development of six types of new materials in its new material industry over the next five years, the China Securities Journal said on Wednesday.The report cited an insider, who noted that the country's 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015) for the new material industry will come out in September, in which the government will launch key projects to support the development of the six materials.The six materials will be high-strength light alloy, advanced iron and steel, carbon fiber composite, new power battery material, function coated material, and rare earth function material, according to the report.The plan states each of the six sub industries will form a sizable industrial scale, with the industry's total output value to hit trillions of yuan by the end of 2015, and the self-supply rate to reach 70 percent during the period, the report said.Meanwhile, the government will also foster the development of materials in sectors such as green building material and the biomedical industry over the next five years, it added.
CHENGDU, Sept. 3 (Xinhua) -- A list of this year's top 500 Chinese enterprises was unveiled in the city of Chengdu in southwest China's Sichuan Province on Saturday.The Sinopec Group was ranked first, with last year's revenues reaching 1.97 trillion yuan (307.81 billion U.S. dollars), followed by the China National Petroleum Corp. and State Grid Corp., whose revenues hit 1.72 trillion yuan and 1.53 trillion yuan last year, respectively.The rest of the top 10 was rounded out by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Mobile, China Railway Group, China Railway Construction Corp., China Construction Bank, China Life Insurance Co. and Agricultural Bank of China.The list is the 10th of its kind to be jointly released by the China Enterprise Confederation and the China Enterprise Directors Association. The threshold for entering the list was raised to 14.2 billion yuan in revenues, an increase over the 11.08-billion-yuan threshold used during the previous year.Revenues for China's top 500 companies rose 31.6 percent year-on-year to 36.31 trillion yuan in 2010, while their total assets increased by 18.4 percent to 108.1 trillion yuan, the two organizations said.The companies reported profits of 2.08 trillion yuan for last year, a rise of 38.67 percent from one year earlier.They paid 2.73 trillion yuan in taxes in 2010, accounting for 37.3 percent of the country's total tax revenues.
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