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BEIJING, Jan. 17 (Xinhuanet) -- India has reported the first case of "totally drug-resistant tuberculosis," a long-feared and virtually untreatable form of the killer lung disease.Similar highly resistant cases have been noted before. In 2003, two Italian women died and there were 15 cases reported from Iran in 2009. That same year, The Associated Press reported on a case of a Peruvian teenager who was infected at home but diagnosed while visiting Florida.Such kind of TB has mostly been limited to impoverished areas, and has not spread widely. But experts believe there could be many undocumented cases.No one expects the Indian TB strains to rapidly spread elsewhere.The airborne disease is mainly transmitted through close personal contact and isn't nearly as contagious as the flu. Indeed, most of the cases of this kind of TB were not from person-to-person infection but were mutations that occurred in poorly treated patients.The Indian hospital that saw the initial cases tested a dozen medicines and none of them worked. A TB expert at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said they do appear to be totally resistant to available drugs."It is concerning," said Dr. Kenneth Castro, director of the CDC's Division of Tuberculosis Elimination. "Anytime we see something like this, we better get on top of it before it becomes a more widespread problem."Ordinary TB is easily cured by taking antibiotics for six to nine months. However, if that treatment is interrupted or the dose is cut down, the stubborn bacteria battle back and mutate into a tougher strain that can no longer be killed by standard drugs. The disease becomes harder and more expensive to treat.Tuberculosis is an age-old scourge that lies dormant in an estimated one in three people. About 10 percent of those people eventually develop active TB, which kills roughly 2 million a year, according to WHO. Each victim infects an average of 10 to 15 others every year, typically through sneezing or coughing.If a TB case is found to be resistant to the two most powerful anti-TB drugs, the patient is classified as having multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR). An even worse classification of TB — one the WHO accepts — is extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR), a form of the disease that was first reported in 2006 and is virtually resistant to all drugs.About 20 percent of the world's multi-drug-resistant cases were found in India, which is home to a quarter of all types of tuberculosis cases worldwide.

BEIJING, Nov. 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Women aged 40 to 49 are not recommended for routine mammography screening for breast cancer, said the new guidelines issued by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care in media reports Tuesday.The new guidelines are purposed to direct doctors on using mammography, MRI scans, clinical breast exams and breast self-exams. In principle, they pointed out, there is no need for women to take clinical breast exams and breast self examination if there are no signals for breast cancer.Below are the main points from the guidelines which need special attention from women with reasonable doubt on the matter:Women aged 40-49 who have lower risk for cancer should not take routine mammography because of the higher risk for overdiagnosis, overtreatment and false-positives;Women aged 50 to 69 years and aged 70 to 74 years should go for routine screening every two to three years;And there should be no routine clinical breast exams by doctors and no breast self-exams to screen for breast cancer.Dr. Marcello Tonelli, Chair of the Task Force and Associate Professor at the University of Alberta, remarked: "The main effect of screening is to produce patients with breast cancer from among healthy women who would have remained free of breast disease for the rest of their lives had they not undergone screening.""The best method we have to reduce the risk of breast cancer is to stop the screening program," he added, "This could reduce the risk by one-third in the screened age group, as the level of overdiagnosis in countries with organized screening programs is about 50 percent."

BEIJING, Nov. 20 (Xinhua) -- China on Sunday morning put two satellites into orbit from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China's Gansu Province.The satellites, Chuangxin 1-03 and Shiyan Satellite 4 were launched on a Long March 2D carrier rocket at 8:15 a.m. Beijing Time, said a Xinhua photographer, who witnessed the whole process.The Chuangxin 1-03, developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, will be used to collect and relay water conservancy, hydrological and meteorological data and data for power supply and disaster relief from monitoring stations.The Shiyan Satellite 4 will be used for experiments on space technologies and environment probe. Developed by the Chinese Research Institute of Space Technology, it is the country's fourth technology experiment satellite.The launch was the 151th of China's Long March series of rockets. The Long March-2D is one of the derivations of Long March-2.China started development of modern carrier rockets in 1956, and Long March rockets have become the main carriers for China's satellite launching.

BEIJING, Dec. 31 (Xinhua) -- In a New Year's address broadcast on Saturday, Chinese President Hu Jintao vowed that China will continue to develop friendly exchanges with other countries and positively participate in international cooperation on global issues.While addressing domestic and overseas audiences via state TV and radio broadcasters, Hu urged the acceleration of the transformation of the country's economic development pattern and structural adjustments while making more efforts in ensuring people's livelihood.The country will continue to balance maintaining steady and relatively fast economic growth with adjusting its economic structures and managing inflation expectations, he said in the speech titled "Jointly Improve World Peace and Development," which was broadcast by China Radio International, China National Radio and China Central Television.A photo released on Dec. 31, 2011 shows Chinese President Hu Jintao delivering a New Year address, titled "Jointly Improve World Peace and Development", to domestic and overseas audiences via state TV and radio broadcasters.China will stick to the guidelines of "one country, two systems," "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong," "Macao people governing Macao," and a high degree of autonomy in maintaining the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao, Hu said."We will adhere to the principles of 'peaceful reunification' and 'one country, two systems,' continue to push forward the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations, ensure the basic benefits for those of the Chinese nationality, and endlessly work for the common benefit of the compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait," he said.2011 was the first year of the country's 12th Five-Year Plan period (2011-2015). In the face of complicated international situations and arduous tasks in maintaining domestic reform, development and stability, Chinese people united and continued to push forward the opening up and reform drive and the socialist modernization construction, while maintaining steady and relatively fast economic growth and making progress in building a well-off society in an all-around way, he said.China was also actively engaged in international cooperation to boost the growth of the global economy and financial stability, and it was involved in resolving international and regional issues, he said.The world is currently witnessing multipolarization and globalization, and various countries are increasingly interdependent, Hu said."However, the instability and uncertainty of the world economic recovery is on the rise, international and regional hot-topic issues have cropped up one after another, and the peace and development of the world faces unprecedented opportunities and challenges," Hu said.China will stick to peace, development and cooperation, adhere to independent foreign policy, maintain world peace and promote common development, Hu said.The country will stick to the principle of mutual benefit when opening itself up, he said."We will develop friendly cooperations with all countries on the basis of the five principles of peaceful co-existence, and we will continue to actively participate in international cooperation on global issues," Hu said."I believe that as long as people from all countries make efforts hand-in-hand, the world will have a better future and the welfare of the people of all countries will improve," Hu said.An article by Hu on boosting the country's cultural development will be published in Qiu Shi (Seeking Truth), an official magazine of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, on Jan. 1.

WASHINGTON, Dec. 28 (Xinhua) -- People with diets high in several vitamins or in omega 3 fatty acids are less likely to have the brain shrinkage associated with Alzheimer's disease than people whose diets are not high in those nutrients, according to a new study published on Wednesday in the online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.Those with diets high in omega 3 fatty acids and in vitamins C, D, E and the B vitamins also had higher scores on mental thinking tests than people with diets low in those nutrients. These omega 3 fatty acids and vitamin D are primarily found in fish. The B vitamins and antioxidants C and E are primarily found in fruits and vegetables.In another finding, the study showed that people with diets high in trans fats were more likely to have brain shrinkage and lower scores on the thinking and memory tests than people with diets low in trans fats. Trans fats are primarily found in packaged, fast, fried and frozen food, baked goods and margarine spreads.The study involved 104 people with an average age of 87 and very few risk factors for memory and thinking problems. Blood tests were used to determine the levels of various nutrients present in the blood of each participant. All of the participants also took tests of their memory and thinking skills. A total of 42 of the participants had MRI scans to measure their brain volume. Overall, the participants had good nutritional status, but seven percent were deficient in vitamin B12 and 25 percent were deficient in vitamin D.Study author Gene Bowman, of Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, said that the nutrient biomarkers in the blood accounted for a significant amount of the variation in both brain volume and thinking and memory scores. For the thinking and memory scores, the nutrient biomarkers accounted for 17 percent of the variation in the scores. For brain volume, the nutrient biomarkers accounted for 37 percent of the variation."These results need to be confirmed, but obviously it is very exciting to think that people could potentially stop their brains from shrinking and keep them sharp by adjusting their diet," Bowman said.