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WASHINGTON, Nov. 18 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Friday approved Erwinaze to treat patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), who have developed an allergy to E. coli derived asparaginase and pegapargase chemotherapy drugs used to treat ALL.Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. White blood cells help the body fight infection and are formed in the bone marrow.Erwinaze is injected directly into the muscle three times a week and works by breaking down one of the body's protein building blocks (the amino acid, asparagine) that is present in the blood, and is necessary for the growth of all cells. Leukemia cells cannot produce this protein building block. When a patient is treated with Erwinaze the leukemia cells die. Normal human cells are able to make enough asparagine for their own needs through biosynthesis and will not be affected by treatment with Erwinaze."The approval of Erwinaze underscores the FDA's commitment to the approval of drugs for conditions with limited patient populations with unmet medical needs using novel trial endpoints," said Richard Pazdur, director of the Office of Hematology and Oncology Products in the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.Side effects associated with Erwinaze treatment include serious allergic reactions, inflammation of the pancreas, high blood levels of liver enzymes, blood clotting, bleeding, nausea, vomiting and high blood sugar.

BEIJING, Oct. 24 (Xinhuanet) -- The average global land temperature has increased by around one degree Cetigrade since the mid-1950s, American scientists announced last week after reviewing historical temperature records to date.According to media reports, the scientists of the Berkeley Earth project have studied more than a billion temperature records dating back to the 1800s from 15 sources around the world.And the result is in line with the estimate made by major institutions which keep official records on the global climate, including the Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in the US and the Met Office's Hadley Centre in Britain.Meanwhile, the scientists established an open database for the climate records so that skeptics on climate change can assess climage change on their own.Nevertheless, the finding of the scientists at the University of California, Berkeley did not convince climate change skeptics, according to a New York Times report.Anthony Watts, one prominent US skeptics, claimed the study's "methodology was flawed". He also noted that the finding was submitted to journal Geophysical Research Letters before being peer-reviewed.Richard Muller, a physicist and head of the project, argued that the decision to circulate the papers before publication was part a long-standing academic tradition of sanity-checking results with colleagues.He added, cited by the Guardian, "We will get much more feedback from making these papers public before publication."

RIO DE JANEIRO, Oct. 11 (Xinhua) -- The World Health Organization (WHO) on Tuesday highlighted Brazil's efforts to stop tuberculosis (TB) in its territory.According to a report released by the organization, Brazil achieved significant and sustained improvement in the fight against TB in the past years.Along with Cambodia, China, Uganda, and Tanzania, Brazil is one of the five nations which succeeded in reducing TB death rate in 2010 by half compared with 1990.The number of TB cases in the world fell for the first time in 2010, said the WHO. But with 8.8 million cases, the disease remained a major global health problem, said the organization.Although the TB death rate had significantly dropped over the years, the disease killed 1.4 million people around the world in 2010 alone.

HAIKOU, Dec. 16 (Xinhua) -- China will actively push forward maritime cooperation with the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in light of the guidelines on conduct in the South China Sea, a Foreign Ministry official has said.Assistant Foreign Minister Liu Zhenmin made the remarks during an international seminar on implementing the Declaration on Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) and maintaining the navigational freedom and security of the waterway.Early next year, China will hold a senior officials' meeting and working group meeting with ASEAN countries on the implementation of the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC), Liu said in an interview with Xinhua on the sideliens of the seminar held in Haikou, Hainan Province, from Dec. 14-15..The senior officials' meeting is a guiding mechanism for implementing the DOC at governmental level. Under it, China will hold a series of seminars and carry out a set of cooperative projects, so as to further advance cooperation with ASEAN nations, he said.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao proposed to establish a three-billion-yuan China-ASEAN maritime cooperation fund at the 14th China-ASEAN summit and the Commemorative Summit to Celebrate the 20th Anniversary of China-ASEAN Relations in November.China hopes the fund will contribute to the implementation of the DOC and further enhance cooperation with ASEAN nations, said Liu.The State Oceanic Administration held a South China Sea oceanography seminar in Qingdao on Dec. 12, he said, adding China will hold a series of seminars on topics ranging from marine research, search and rescue, environmental protection, navigation safety and combating maritime crimes.Liu said the maintenance of maritime security as well as navigation safety and freedom is very important to East Asian countries, for the economic development of East Asia is largely export-oriented.As an important pathway for foreign trade for China, Japan, the Republic of Korea and the ASEAN nations, security on the South China Sea is critical for these countries' economic development, he said.Stressing that navigation freedom and security on the sea should be guaranteed, he said China will continue to strengthen cooperation with countries surrounding the South China Sea to protect against threats.The DOC was signed by China and the ASEAN countries in November 2002 as a code of conduct for all parties involved in diplomatic issues in the South China Sea.It is a political document aimed at safeguarding peace, stability and prosperity in the South China Sea, advancing pragmatic cooperation and creating favorable conditions for the interested countries to ultimately settle their disputes by peaceful negotiation.

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