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WASHINGTON, March 22 (Xinhua) -- A long-term study by Greek researchers has shown the effectiveness of replacing bone marrow, purposely destroyed by chemotherapy, with autologous (self) stem cells in treating people with aggressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS).The study was published on Tuesday in Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.For the treatment, chemotherapy drugs are used to kill all of the patient's blood cells, including the immune cells that are believed to be attacking the body's own central nervous system. Bone marrow stem cells removed from the patient are purified and transplanted back into the body, which saves life by replacing the blood cells and also is proposed to "reboot" the immune system.A human embryonic stem cell line derived at Stanford University is seen in this handout photo released to Reuters by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, March 9, 2009The study followed 35 people for an average of 11 years after transplant. The study involved people with rapidly progressive MS who had tried a number of other treatments for MS with little or no effect. All were severely disabled by the disease, with an average score of six on a scale of disease activity that ranges from zero being a normal neurological examination to 10 meaning death due to MS.A score of six means able to walk with a cane or crutch; a seven is mainly in a wheelchair. All had worsened by at least one point on the scale in the year prior to the transplant.After the transplants, the probability of participants having no worsening of their disease for 15 years was 25 percent. The probability was higher -- 44 percent -- for those who had active brain lesions, which are a sign of disease activity, at the time of the transplant.For 16 people, symptoms improved by an average of one point on the scale after the transplant, and the improvements lasted for an average of two years. The participants also had a reduction in the number and size of lesions in their brains. Two people (six percent) died from complications related to the transplant at two months and 2-1/2 years post-transplant.Study author Vasilios Kimiskidis, of Aristotle University in Thessaloniki, Greece, noted that more research is needed on this treatment, including studies that compare people receiving the treatment to a control group that does not receive the treatment."Keeping that in mind, our feeling is that stem cell transplants may benefit people with rapidly progressive MS," he said. "This is not a therapy for the general population of people with MS but should be reserved for aggressive cases that are still in the inflammatory phase of the disease."

CANBERRA, March 23 (Xinhua) -- Up to 45 native species in Western Australia's Kimberley region will die out within 20 years if no action is taken, latest study showed on Wednesday.The Priority Threat Management to Protect Kimberley Wildlife report, released by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) on Wednesday, was commissioned by the Wilderness Society.The report showed that at present, 20.2 million U.S. dollars a year is spent on conservation efforts in the Kimberley, which is home to an assortment of threatened species.However, the report said even if that money was spent properly, the region would still lose some 31 native animals.The numbers of many more birds, reptiles and mammals, such as the Spotted Tree Monitor and the Western Chestnut Mouse, would dwindle.It called for an immediate cash injection of 96 million U.S. dollars to save creatures like the Golden Bandicoot, the Scaly- Tailed Possum and the Monjon Rock Wallaby from extinction.It will follow by an ongoing investment of 40.43 million U.S. dollars annually in the Kimberley to protect its species, as well as boost plant life, help the climate and conserve indigenous land."This investment is great value," one of the report's six co- authors Hugh Possingham said in a statement released on Wednesday."We can save some of Australia's most iconic mammals and birds at a cost of only about one million U.S. dollars per species per year."

BEIJING, March 3 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study suggested that regular use of painkiller ibuprofen may cut the risk of developing Parkinson's disease, according to Reuters reports.The research findings were published in the online edition of the journal Neurology on Wednesday and later will appear in the print edition on March 8.The study, which followed more than 136,000 U.S. men and women for six years, showed that people who took ibuprofen at least twice a week were 38 percent less likely to develop Parkinson's, a brain disorder that causes tremors and movement problems, compared to those who didn't take the pain reliever so often.Ibuprofen is sold in the U.S. as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). But the study didn't prove that other NSAIDS, like aspirin or naproxen, could also cut the Parkinson's risk."Our study suggests ibuprofen could be a potential neuroprotective agent against Parkinson's," says lead researcher Dr. Xiang Gao from Harvard Medical School, "Protective effects are seen after taking ibuprofen two or more times a week. That's so-called regular use."However, he also warned that no proof has been found that ibuprofen itself can help ward off Parkinson's, and said that it's too early to recommend people to start taking ibuprofen to protect against the disorder.Gao said, "We just see an association, not some causal relationship."Besides, regular ibuprofen use has risks, like stomach bleeding and kidney damage.

LOS ANGELES, April 12 (Xinhua) -- With the help of NASA Telescopes, astronomers have uncovered one of the youngest galaxies in the distant universe, with stars that formed 13.5 billion years ago, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) announced on Tuesday.The finding addresses questions about when the first galaxies arose, and how the early universe evolved, JPL noted in a press release.Infrared data from both the Hubble Space Telescope and the post- coolant, or "warm," phase of NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope mission revealed that the galaxy's stars are quite mature, which means they must have formed when the universe was just a toddler, said JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.This challenges theories of how soon galaxies formed in the first years of the universe and could even help solve the mystery of how the hydrogen fog that filled the early universe was cleared, according to astronomers involved in the study.This galaxy is not the most distant ever observed, but it is one of the youngest to be observed with such clarity, JPL said.Normally, galaxies like this one are extremely faint and difficult to study, but, in this case, nature has provided the astronomers with a cosmic magnifying glass, JPL said.The galaxy's image is being magnified by the gravity of a massive cluster of galaxies parked in front of it, making it appear 11 times brighter. This phenomenon is called gravitational lensing."Without this big lens in space, we could not study galaxies this faint with currently available observing facilities," said Eiichi Egami of the University of Arizona in Tucson. "Thanks to nature, we have this great opportunity to see our universe as it was eons ago."The findings may help explain how the early universe became " reionized," according to JPL."Seeing a galaxy as it appeared near the beginning of the universe is an awe-inspiring feat enabled by innovative technology and the fortuitous effect of gravitational lensing," Jon Morse, NASA's Astrophysics Division director at the agency's headquarters in Washington, said in the release."Observations like this open a window across space and time, but more importantly, they inspire future work to one day peer at the stars that lit up the universe following the big bang."

BEIJING, Feb. 5 (Xinhua) -- China's railways transported about 77.34 million passengers during the fifteen days (Jan. 19 to Feb. 2) before the Spring Festival, the Ministry of Railways said.The figure was about 9.5 percent higher than the same period last year and set a new record, according to a report posted on the ministry's website.There were an average of 5.16 million passengers per day, up 448,000 from the same period last year. On Jan. 29, passengers topped 5.78 million, setting a new record for daily transportation before the Spring Festival, the report said.In the fifteen days before the festival, about 4.80 million passengers left Beijing, 8.39 million left Guangzhou and 5.69 million left Shanghai, while year-on-year growth and those leaving Guangzhou rose the most, up 15 percent year on year, said the report.The ministry said challenges still exist as more snow and rain will hit southern China after the Spring Festival, when passengers are returning.China's busy Spring Festival transportation season runs for 40 days and is calculated in two phases: 15 days before the Spring Festival and 25 days after the Spring Festival, the report explained.

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