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ZHENGZHOU, Feb. 16 (Xinhua) -- China's Yellow River catchment authority has launched emergency measures to restrict industrial water usage and to release reservoir water for wheat crops in the face of a worsening drought.The Yellow River Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters raised on Wednesday its drought alert from yellow to orange, the second-highest level, indicating the area is facing the worst drought in up to half a century.The headquarters ordered all authorities along the catchment area to initiate an emergency response to ensure water supplies for people and livestock, and to restrict industrial water consumption.The drought, which has plagued the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River since October last year, was likely to affect more than 40 percent of crops in the area, said a headquarters spokesman.Light to moderate snowfall brought some relief to the wheat farmers in the region over the weekend, but not enough to end the drought. Most regions along the Yellow River received precipitation of less than 10 mm.Thanks to the recent rise in temperatures, ice covering 120-km of the Yellow river has melted, offering more water for irrigation and other water uses.The headquarters' statistics show that water channeled from the Yellow River reached 228 cubic meters per second at 8 a.m. Tuesday, and supplied the drought-plagued Shandong Province, Tianjin Municipality and Hebei Province.The headquarters had released more water from reservoirs along the catchment to help with the irrigation of winter wheat crops, said the spokesman.The Chinese government on Friday announced plans to dig 1,350 wells in eight major wheat-growing provinces to help ease the drought that is threatening grain harvests.

NEW DELHI, March 5 (Xinhua) -- Doctors in India have claimed to have successfully performed a rare robotic heart surgery on a 23- year-old person at a hospital in the southern Indian city of Chennai, local media reported Saturday.Dr. R. Ravi Kumar, the Director of the Institute of Cardiovascular Disease at the Chettinad Health City, said the robotically assisted procedure involved replacing both the mitral and the aortal valve simultaneously.The surgery carried out on D. Vijayakanth, an auto driver from Vellore, was done by a three armed robot, took four hours and cost 225,000 rupees (4,500 U.S. dollars)."The best part about using a robot in cardiac surgery is that the patient's heart need not be opened and the surgery can be done using a small 4cm incision. This is not possible with normal surgeries without a robot," Dr Ravi Kumar was quoted by local daily The Times of India as saying.Robotic surgery, which is fairly new in the country, can be used for a gamut of medical procedures, said Dr Ravi Kumar."It requires a lot of precision and intense training because though the robotic hands do the surgery, it has to be controlled by a trained surgeon. One of the biggest disadvantages is the lack of sensory perception which is there when the surgeon actually does the surgery himself," he said.

LOS ANGELES, April 18 (Xinhua) -- Sugarcane has the effect of cooling temperatures, thus playing role in stemming global warming, a new study has found.Sugarcane does so by reflecting sunlight back into space and by lowering the temperature of the surrounding air as the plants " exhale" cooler water, according to the study conducted by researchers at the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology.The researchers used data from hundreds of satellite images over 733,000 square miles (about 1,173 square kilometers) in Brazil, where sugarcane is widely grown. They measured temperature, reflectivity (also called albedo), and evapotranspiration -- the water loss from the soil and from plants as they exhale water vapor.The findings showed that expansion of sugarcane in areas previously occupied by other Brazilian crops cools the local climate.Converting from natural vegetation to crop/pasture on average warmed the cerrado by 2.79 Fahrenheit (1.55 Centigrade, but that subsequent conversion to sugarcane, on average, cooled the surrounding air by 1.67 Fahrenheit (0.93 Centigrade), the researchers said in the study published in the April issue of Nature Climate Change."We found that shifting from natural vegetation to crops or pasture results in local warming because the plants give off less beneficial water. But the bamboo-like sugarcane is more reflective and gives off more water -- much like the natural vegetation," said lead researcher Scott Loarie. "It's a potential win-win for the climate -- using sugarcane to power vehicles reduces carbon emissions, while growing it lowers the local air temperature."Brazilians are world leaders in using biofuels for gasoline. About a quarter of their automobile fuel consumption comes from sugarcane, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions that otherwise would be emitted from using gasoline.The researchers emphasized that the beneficial effects are contingent on the fact sugarcane is grown on areas previously occupied by crops or pastureland, and not in areas converted from natural vegetation. It is also important that other crops and pastureland do not move to natural vegetation areas, which would contribute to deforestation.So far most of the thinking about ecosystem effects on climate considers only impacts from greenhouse gas emissions. But according to co-researcher Greg Asner, "It's becoming increasingly clear that direct climate effects on local climate from land-use decisions constitute significant impacts that need to be considered core elements of human-caused climate change."

BEIJING, Feb. 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao attended the opening ceremony of the China-EU Year of Youth in Beijing on Wednesday, encouraging young people from China and the EU to build a brighter future for bilateral strategic partnerships.Joining over 500 young people from China and the EU in the Capital Museum in downtown Beijing, Wen said that the year-long youth exchange campaign was the first theme year between China and the EU since the establishment of diplomatic ties, and is also the largest-ever China-EU cultural exchange program."This has revealed that our relations will be more vibrant in the future and full of hopes," he added.China and the EU are in a vital period for deepening cooperation, Wen said, calling on young people from both sides to consider and explore ways to share opportunities, meet challenges and seek common development, which has benefits for China, the EU and the world.Wen hopes that young people from both sides would always be brave in pursuing innovation and the truth. He also encouraged them to learn from each other in a frank and open spirit, in a bid to jointly create a better future for China-EU ties.A video speech from European Commission President Jose Manuel Barosso was aired at the ceremony. He said that the Year of Youth offers an interactive platform for European and Chinese young people to enhance mutual understanding and friendship and also inject vitality to China-EU relations.Premier Wen and Barroso jointly initiated The China-EU Year of Youth during the 12th EU-China summit held in 2009.Along with the opening ceremony in Beijing, Chinese and European youth were immersed in two-day discussions on topics such as culture, education, volunteering, creativity and environmental protection starting on Tuesday."We had excellent discussions on possible cooperation projects, ranging from environmental protection, world heritage to art and intellectual property," said Pierre Arlaud, a member of an EU youth delegation that arrived in Beijing on Monday to participate in the opening ceremony."I can feel there is a strong will from both sides to deepen understanding and forge a stronger partnership," he added.The opening ceremony was the first in a series of exchange activities that will be held throughout the year in China and Europe. The events include cultural seminars, volunteer service conferences, youth summer camps and TV debates.The year-long program was co-hosted by the All-China Youth Federation and the European Commission. The initiative aims to promote intercultural dialogue and strengthen mutual understanding and friendship between young people in China and the EU, as well as encouraging them to support the development of China-EU relations.

RIO DE JANEIRO, March 25 (Xinhua) -- The number of dengue fever cases in Rio de Janeiro city this year has already surpassed 10,000, local health authorities said on Friday.According to the city's Health Secretariat, in less than three months, the number of confirmed dengue fever cases in Rio reached 10,158, exceeding the figures registered in the entire years of 2009 (2,723) and 2010 (3,120).In Rio de Janeiro state, the number of confirmed dengue fever cases reached 20,150, and the death toll rose to 18.This week, the first two cases of type-4 dengue fever in Rio de Janeiro state were confirmed in the city of Niteroi. The type-4 dengue fever is not more dangerous than the other types, but as the disease had not been registered in the region before, the local population has no immunity to it.As there are four different types of dengue fever, a person can develop the disease several times.The last epidemic of dengue fever in Rio de Janeiro state occurred in 2008 when 174 people died of the disease and some 250,000 cases of dengue were registered.