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WASHINGTON, July 5 (Xinhua) -- Intake of high levels of folate, a water-soluble B vitamin that occurs naturally in food, may reduce colorectal cancer risk, according to a new study published Tuesday in Gastroenterology, the official journal of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute. "We found that all forms and sources of folate were associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer," said lead author Victoria Stevens, of the American Cancer Society. "The strongest association was with total folate, which suggests that total folate intake is the best measure to define exposure to this nutrient because it encompasses all forms and sources."Total folate includes naturally occurring food folate and folic acid from fortified foods and dietary supplements.The research team investigated the association between folate intake and colorectal cancer among 99,523 participants in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort; a total of 1,023 participants were diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 1999 and 2007, a period entirely after folate fortification began. Neither higher nor lower risk was observed during the first two years of follow-up (1999 to 2001), while associations were statistically significantly inverse for the subsequent years (2002 to 2007). The findings of this study add to the epidemiologic evidence that high folate intake reduces colorectal cancer incidence.Folates are essential nutrients needed to make components used for functions required for normal cell growth, including DNA synthesis and repair. Because these processes are critical for cell growth and differentiation, the relationship between folate intake and cancer development has been investigated in several cancers, and most extensively in colorectal cancer.

WELLINGTON, June 10 (Xinhua) -- Scientists have uncovered an almost complete picture of the remains of a geological formation that was one of the great wonders of the 19th Century world before it was covered in ash and water during a volcanic eruption.Scientists from New Zealand and the United States said Friday they had discovered the White Terraces, half of the famous Pink and White Terraces in the central North Island's Lake Rotomahana.The same group of scientists found the remnants of the pink half of the former world-famous tourist attraction on the lake floor in January.The Pink and White Terraces were buried by the eruption of Mount Tarawera 125 years ago on 10 June 1886. The two sets of cascading silica terraces were separated by several hundred metres.The two formerly glistening terraces were formed on the shores of the lake, where the silica rich waters were warmed by the magma beneath.In the late 19th Century, the cascading terraces attracted people from all over the world. The White Terraces were the larger and stretched to a height of 30 meters, forming a 240-meter face. Visitors could walk up to a crater platform where they could bathe in the clear blue waters in naturally-formed basins up to three meters deep.Project Leader Cornel de Ronde, of New Zealand's GNS Science geosciences research institute, said the sonar images from Lake Rotomahana showed the lake floor was covered overwhelmingly by soft sediment and mud.The side-scan sonar data of the lake floor was collected on the last day of the 10-day project at Lake Rotomahana during the southern summer, but was analyzed using new software, which became available after the data collection had finished.The scientists found the sonar data contained images of hard, crescent-shaped structures on the lake bed in a similar location to where the White Terraces were before the eruption of 1886.The structures were about 60 meters below the surface, a similar depth to the Pink Terraces found in January. The lake is about 122 meters deep at its deepest point."The two places on the lake floor where we encountered hard, up- standing crescent-shaped features correspond to the locations of the Pink and White Terraces before the Tarawera eruption," de Ronde said."The sonar image that appears to show part of the White Terraces came to light after the project had finished. It shows a horizontal segment of terraces over 100 meters long, although we don't know which part of the terraces it is."The rounded terrace edges are standing up from the lake floor by about a meter in some places. The sonar images of both sets of terraces are strikingly similar."Scientists managed to capture several color photographs of part of the Pink Terraces in January, but they did not lower an underwater camera over the White Terraces location during the project as they were unaware of what the sonar data was showing at the time.The fate of the remaining sections of the Pink and White Terraces was unclear, said a statement from GNS. "They might have been destroyed in the eruption. Alternatively, they could be lying under thick sediment, which is impenetrable to sonar signals sent out by the two autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) used in the survey."De Ronde said finding remnants of both sets of terraces was a remarkable outcome for the project."The project team was absolutely thrilled in January when we realised our AUVs had detected remnants of the Pink Terraces. Finding part of what we believe is the White Terraces as well has been surprising and very satisfying."The original aim of the project at Lake Rotomahana was to map the lake floor and investigate the extensive geothermal system under the lake and how it evolved from an on-land geothermal system to a submerged one. Anything else was a bonus," de Ronde said."It's gratifying to be part of a science project that can answer a century-old mystery about the fate of the Pink and White Terraces."De Ronde said the announcement of the find was timed to coincide with the 125th anniversary of Tarawera's eruption.The 10-day project was a collaboration involving GNS Science, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, Lamont- Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University in New York, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Seattle, and New Zealand's University of Waikato.

SUVA, July 25 (Xinhua) -- There are 400,000 people suffering from anaemia in Fiji with a total of population at about 800,000 people, according to the Health Ministry on Monday.Health Minister Doctor Neil Sharma told media that currently 60 per cent of children less than five years old are iron deficient, 40 per cent of women lack iron while 20 per cent of men suffer from iron deficiency in the island nation.Sharma, therefore, called on every family to grow local, eat local and move back to our traditional food habits, telling anaemic, "Do not forget to take your iron tablets."National Advisor Non-Communicable Diseases, Dr Isimeli Tukana also told media on Monday that strategies would include implementing the Food and Health Guidelines for the country in all clinics.All females are supposed to take their iron medication while all pre and primary school children will be given iron supplementation, he added.According to Fiji's Agriculture and Nutrition Department, the island nation, which is in transition towards increasing industrialization, is facing nutritional problems associated with both under-nutrition and over-nutrition.Lack of access to food due to economical shortages is one of the major causes of malnutrition in the country as one quarter of the population is living below the poverty line and most are living in illegal squatter settlements in search of employment and educational opportunities in urban areas.The problem of over-nutrition, on the other hand, may be associated with the change in the consumption patterns towards a diet high in energy but low in fibre, vitamins and minerals and a sedentary lifestyle.

SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 22 (Xinhua) -- Former eBay Chief Executive Officer and California governor candidate Meg Whitman on Thursday was named Hewlett-Packard's new CEO, replacing Leo Apotheker who served 11 months on the job."We are fortunate to have someone of Meg Whitman's caliber and experience step up to lead HP," said the California-based company in a statement."We are at a critical moment and we need renewed leadership to successfully implement our strategy and take advantage of the market opportunities ahead," said the troubled tech giant.It noted that the job of the HP CEO now requires additional attributes to successfully execute on the company's strategy, adding Whitman "has the right operational and communication skills and leadership abilities to deliver improved execution and financial performance.""I am honored and excited to lead HP. I believe HP matters -- it matters to Silicon Valley, California, the country and the world," said Whitman in a statement.Whitman, 55, joined the HP board in January and served as president and CEO of eBay from 1998 to 2008, when she led the company through its initial public offering and massive growth.During her last years at eBay, she is blamed for not being able to halt the sales slowdown and overpaying for the 2005 acquisition of Skype with 4.1 billion dollars. In 2009, Skype was sold by eBay at a valuation of 2.75 billion dollars.Whitman won the Republican nomination for governor of California in 2010. She lost the election to Gov. Jerry Brown after spending more than 140 million dollars of her own fortune on the campaign. EnditemHP said the appointments are effective immediately, following the decision that Apotheker stepped down as president and CEO and resigned as a director of the company.Multiple U.S. media reported on Wednesday that Apotheker was to be ousted, sending HP shares soaring on the market and in the after-hour trading.Apotheker, 58, was named HP CEO 11 months ago to replace Mark Hurd, who was ousted due to a scandal over a personal relationship with a company contractor and then became co-president of Oracle. Before HP, Apotheker had served as CEO of German software giant SAP for 10 months.On Aug. 18, Apotheker announced that HP will shut down its mobile business, spin off its core personal computer business and transfer into a cloud-based software and services provider for businesses including a 10.3 billion-dollar acquisition of British software company Autonomy.Shares of the company plunged 20 percent the following day, the worst one-day loss since Black Monday in 1987.On Sept. 30, 2010, the day before Apotheker's appointment as HP CEO, the tech giant's stock closed at 42.04 dollars. On Tuesday, the price closed at 22.47 dollars, a decrease of 46.6 percent in less than a year.On Monday, HP was reported to begin sending over 500 employees pink slips in the WebOS division, after announcing to stop making WebOS devices in August.

LOS ANGELES, July 3 (Xinhua) -- Warming of the ocean's subsurface layers will melt underwater portions of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets faster than previously thought, increasing the sea level more than already projected, a new study suggests.The subsurface ocean layers surrounding the polar ice sheets will warm substantially as global warming progresses, according to the study led by researchers from the University of Arizona (UA).In addition to being exposed to warming air, underwater portions of the polar ice sheets and glaciers will be bathed in warming seawater, said the study appearing on the website of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Sunday.The research, based on 19 state-of-the-art climate models, proposes a new mechanism by which global warming will accelerate the melting of the great ice sheets during this century and the next."To my knowledge, this study is the first to quantify and compare future ocean warming around the Greenland and the Antarctic ice sheets using an ensemble of models," said lead author Jianjun Yin, a UA assistant professor of geosciences.According to the study, the subsurface ocean along the Greenland coast could increase as much as 3.6 F (2 C) by 2100.Most previous research has focused on how increases in atmospheric temperatures would affect the ice sheets, he said."Ocean warming is very important compared to atmospheric warming because water has a much larger heat capacity than air," Yin said. "If you put an ice cube in a warm room, it will melt in several hours. But if you put an ice cube in a cup of warm water, it will disappear in just minutes."Given a mid-level increase in greenhouse gases, the researchers found the ocean layer about 650 to 1,650 feet (200 to 500 meters) below the surface would warm, on average, about 1.8 F (1 C) by 2100. Along the Greenland coast, that layer would warm twice as much, but along Antarctica would warm less, only 0.9 F (0.5 C)."No one has noticed this discrepancy before -- that the subsurface oceans surrounding Greenland and Antarctica warm very differently," Yin said.Part of the warming in the North comes from the Gulf Stream carrying warm subtropical waters north. By contrast, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current blocks some of the subtropical warmth from entering the Antarctic's coastal waters.Even so, the Antarctic ice sheet will be bathed in warming waters, according to the study.This paper adds to the evidence that sea level would rise by the end of this century by around one meter and a good deal more in succeeding centuries, the study noted.The study, "Different Magnitudes of Projected Subsurface Ocean Warming Around Greenland and Antarctica," is scheduled for the upcoming edition of Nature Geoscience later this month.

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