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WASHINGTON, Oct. 9 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have found a way to block, in an animal model, the damaging inflammation that contributes to many disease conditions. In their report receiving early online publication Sunday in Nature Biotechnology, researchers describe using small interfering RNA technology to silence the biochemical signals that attract a particular group of inflammatory cells to areas of tissue damage."The white blood cells known as monocytes play a critical role in the early stages of the immune response," says Matthias Nahrendorf, of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Center for Systems Biology, the paper's senior author. "We now know there are two subsets of monocytes -- an inflammatory subset that defends against pathogens and a reparative subset that supports healing. But if the inflammatory response is excessive, it can block the healing process and exacerbate conditions such as heart disease and cancer."Cells damaged by injury or disease release a cocktail of chemicals called cytokines that attract immune cells to the site of the damage. Inflammatory monocytes are guided to sites of tissue injury by a receptor protein called CCR2, and the MGH-led team devised a strategy targeting that molecule to block the inflammatory process but not the action of the reparative monocytes.Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology prevents production of specific proteins by binding to associated messenger RNA molecules and preventing their translation. However, the technique requires extreme precision in developing the right siRNA molecule and delivering it to the correct cellular location.To make sure that their siRNA preparation targeted the right monocytes, researchers first confirmed that its use reduced levels of CCR2 in monocytes and increased levels of the fragments produced when siRNA binds to its target. They then showed that monocytes from mice treated with the siRNA preparation were unable to migrate towards CCR2's usual molecular target. Experiments in animal models of several important diseases showed that the siRNA preparation reduced the amount of cardiac muscle damaged by a heart attack, reduced the size and the number of inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaques and in lymphomas, and improved the survival of transplanted pancreatic islets."These inflammatory monocytes are involved in almost every major disease," Nahrendorf explains. "Anti-inflammatory drugs currently on the market hit every inflammatory cell in the body, which can produce unwanted side effects. This new siRNA treatment doesn't affect inflammatory cells that don't rely on the CCR2 receptor. That makes a big difference."

BEIJING, Jan. 7 (Xinhua) -- China's land supply went up 37 percent year-on-year in 2011 amid the government's tightening measure on commercial property market, according to the Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) on Saturday. Most of the land supply last year went to the country's 10 million government-subsidized affordable housing units that began construction in 2011, according to MLR.In the meantime, land supply for commercial residential housing totaled about 96,700 hectares last year, up only 4 percent from previous year.Planned land supply quota for construction last year were up 16.25 percent year-on-year from 180,000 hectares in 2010.

WASHINGTON, Nov. 25 (Xinhua) -- In the United States, the AIDS epidemic has plateaued, but it is still at "unacceptable high" level, a U.S. expert said ahead of the World AIDS Day."The situation is stable in the United States, stable in an unacceptable high level for at least 10 years and has not gone down. It's still a serious problem," Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), told Xinhua in an exclusive interview.According to Fauci, there are about 1.1 million people infected with HIV in the U.S., of which about 20 percent do not know they are infected. Those are the ones that more likely will infect other people. Since the world's first AIDS case was reported 30 years ago, the U.S. has seen close to 600,000 AIDS-related death. And among the 65,000 new infections each year in the U.S, about 50 percent are African Americans. In the United States, about 12 percent of the population is African American."Our new approach to prevention is to try and get access at community level, to people at most risk, to seek out to voluntarily test, to link them to care, and to automatically get them treatment," said Fauci. "When you get someone on treatment, it is extremely unlikely that they will infect their sexual partner."Fauci thought the international community's battle against the HIV/AIDS has gotten better over the last 30 years.Early on, when the disease was inaccurately thought to be a disease of developed world. There was a denial in many countries in Asia, in Southern Africa, South America and Caribbean, that this will turn out to be an extraordinary problem in those countries. As the years went by, it was clear that it was not a disease of gay men in the United States and the developed world. It was a disease mostly in the developing world when 90 percent of new infections occur in low- and middle-income countries and 67 percent of the cases are in Southern Africa."The response of the global community first was denial and not full appreciation of the potential impact of the pandemic. As the years have gone by, the response has been better and better," said Fauci, an immunologist that has made substantial contributions to research in the areas of AIDS and other immunodeficiencies, both as a scientist and as the head of NIAID.The advance in the arena of therapy with drugs has been " spectacular" and "very impressive", he said.In the early 1980 before there were any drugs, the median survival period of people in the United States who was infected with HIV, was about six to eight months. "Today in 2010, if someone was newly infected with HIV and he's 20-25 years old, and you put them on therapy, you can predict mathematically that they will live additional 50 years," said Fauci.Over the last couple of years, there has been "significant but slow" advances with vaccines against HIV. For example, there was a trial that was conducted in Thailand in which there was a modest degree of efficacy, about 31 percent of protection."That's not enough to have a vaccine available for widespread use but give us some important clues into what next generation of vaccines would be," said Fauci.As to the "three zeros" target adopted by the United Nations this year, Fauci said that it's "aspirational but not gonna be easy.""It is good to set very high goals for the future. I don't think that we realistically are gonna get to zero new infections, zero new discrimination, zero (AIDS-related) death in the next few years," said Fauci. "I think it will take several years to get there. I believe that if more countries and the international community are engaged to play a role in trying to stop HIV, to prevent and treat and care for HIV-infected individuals, that we will automatically achieve that objective."

DOHA, Jan. 18 (Xinhua) -- Government should forge close ties with its people and listen to their opinions, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao told reporters when asked his opinion on the situation in West Asia and North Africa.Wen said he made it clear during talks with Gulf states' leaders that government should respect the people's appeals in defending their own interests, for it is the people who created history. The responsibility for any government is to bring benefits to its own people, he added.In today's information-rich world, governments face more complexity in governing, and policy and planning coordination. In such circumstances, people's demands on government are also growing, Wen said.By keeping close ties with its people and listening to their opinions, governments could better develop the economy, improve people's livelihoods and bring benefits to them, he said.A responsible government should firmly and bravely shoulder its responsibility without pursuing special gains for itself, Wen said.

SHANGHAI, Jan. 11 (Xinhua) -- China has allowed the Bank of East Asia (BEA) to issue yuan-denominated bonds in Hong Kong for a second time, about three years after it became the first foreign-invested bank to make a yuan bond issuance, the bank said Wednesday.BEA China Ltd, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the BEA, was given the approval by the National Development and Reform Commission of China to issue yuan bonds in Hong Kong, it said.Details on the amounts and timing of the offerings weren't available. In 2009, in a major landmark, the BEA issued its first yuan bonds in Hong Kong in an aggregate principal amount of 4 billion yuan (630 million U.S. dollars).The BEA was among the first foreign-invested banks to be given the green light to issue yuan-denominated bonds in Hong Kong, a move analysts say will bolster the international influence of the Chinese currency, also known as renminbi.Sun Minjie, deputy head of BEA China, said the second bond issuance will give the bank stable access to capital, improve its debt portfolio, and support its development on the Chinese mainland.

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