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In regions of the United States and Mexico that are prone to hurricanes, aggressive spiders are evolving to survive and ride out the storm.When hurricanes rage along the Gulf of Mexico or charge up the East Coast, they can reshape an entire habitat in a short time. The winds destroy trees and spread debris for miles, putting new pressure on the creatures living in these environments.But how do creatures adapt when their habitats are so disturbed? Researchers looked at Anelosimus studiosus spiders that live in storm-prone areas along the coast to see how they changed. Their study was published Monday in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution.These weather systems are called "black swan events": a surprising event with a major impact that is explained with the benefit of hindsight. They don't offer much lead time, so the researchers had to scramble to study the spider colonies before and after projected storms.The team monitored Subtropical Storm Alberto and Hurricanes Florence and Michael during the 2018 hurricane season. They tried to anticipate the systems' trajectories and study areas that included 240 female spider colonies, comparing them with areas where spider colonies were unaffected by such storms.The researchers returned to the sites hit by the storms 48 hours later. About 75% of the colonies survived the initial storm strikes."It is tremendously important to understand the environmental impacts of these 'black swan' weather events on evolution and natural selection," said Jonathan Pruitt, lead study author, evolutionary biologist and Canada 150 Chair in McMaster University's Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour. "As sea levels rise, the incidence of tropical storms will only increase. Now more than ever we need to contend with what the ecological and evolutionary impacts of these storms will be for non-human animals."The A. studiosis spider species has two main personality traits that are inherited: docile and aggressive.Aggressiveness can be determined based on their speed, attackers pursuing prey, cannibalizing male spiders as well as eggs and their vulnerability to the invasion of predatory spiders.On the one hand, aggressive colonies are better at gathering resources in times of scarcity. But when deprived of food or subjected to overheating, aggressive colonies can also suffer from infighting."Tropical cyclones likely impact both of these stressors by altering the numbers of flying prey and increasing sun exposure from a more open canopy layer," Pruitt said. "Aggressiveness is passed down through generations in these colonies, from parent to daughter, and is a major factor in their survival and ability to reproduce."The researchers determined that after a storm passed, the colonies that aggressively pursued food and resources were able to produce more egg cases. The spiderlings also had a better chance of surviving into early winter.In areas that weren't hit by storms, docile colonies thrived.These findings were consistent even as the storms varied in duration, intensity and size. The researchers believe this shows that extreme events can shape animal behaviors. They would like to conduct more long-term studies to learn whether this is the case. 3250

Imagine knowing you have pancreatic cancer and your doctor is unwilling to tell you how bad it is because they’re uncomfortable.That’s the situation Dr. Ron Naito, a now-retired physician, found himself in this past August.“It’s never an easy task to tell someone they have a terminal illness. How can it be?” Naito says, sitting on a couch in his home in Portland, Oregon. “I mean it brings your own mortality into the picture for one thing.”Naito has stage 4 pancreatic cancer, and as a doctor himself, he knows full well what that means. It can mean a person only has months to live.“Of all the major cancers, the one with most dire of all prognoses is probably pancreatic,” Naito explains. “Particularly what I have, which is stage 4. And I don’t think he felt comfortable telling me or discussing it.”Not only was one specialist unwilling to discuss the severity of his illness, but Naito found out about the size of his tumor from a second specialist in a less than optimal way, as well. He overheard the doctor talking to a medical student just outside his open exam room door.“They were walking this way and they said, ‘5 centimeters.’ He told the medical student. Then, they were walking the other way,” he recalls. “And I heard the words, ‘very bad,’ and I knew it was me, obviously. I know that pancreatic cancer if they exceed 3 centimeters, it’s a negative sign.”The doctor never did talk to him face to face about the precise size of his tumor.Naito says he didn’t think it was “very professional,” but even so, he has no anger toward his doctors. Instead he says it highlights how easy it is for a doctor to be careless.“They’re not uncaring. It’s just that they don’t have any experience or training. Nobody’s there to guide them,” Naito says. “And there’s no book on this. I mean you can’t go to the medical school library and check out a book on how can you deliver a dire diagnosis to patients. That book does not exist. I don’t think.”That’s why Naito not only choosing to speak out in the months he has left--despite his weakness--but it’s also why he’s given Oregon Health and Science University’s Center for Ethics in Healthcare a grant so people like Dr. Katie Stowers can teach the next generation how to better deliver news to someone who’s dying.“Unfortunately, Dr. Naito’s experience is not an anomaly,” Stowers says.Stowers is the inaugural “Ronald Naito Director of Serious Illness Education” at OHSU. Medical students under Stowers’ guidance must now pass a unique final exam, delivering grim news in mock scenarios.“It’s not that doctors don’t want to do better. It’s not that doctors are bad or inhumane, it’s that they just haven’t been taught how to do this the right way,” Stowers says.Naito, who has outlived his prognosis but estimates he may only have about six months left, says doing it the right way all comes down to one thing.“When you’re talking to your patient that has terminal illness, you have to realize your doctor and patient roles become a little bit blurred,” he says, fighting back tear. “Because, basically, you’re just two souls. You’re two human beings meeting at a very deep level. You’re in charge with giving this other person the most devastating news they will receive in their lifetime potentially.”It’s a very crucial moment, Naito says. 3314

Larry Tesler, the Silicon Valley pioneer who created the now-ubiquitous computer concepts such as “cut,” “copy” and “paste,” has died. He was 74.He made using computers easier for generations as a proponent and pioneer of what he called “modeless editing.” That meant a user wouldn’t have to use a keyboard to switch between modes to write and edit, for example. “The inventor of cut/copy & paste, find & replace, and more was former Xerox researcher Larry Tesler. Your workday is easier thanks to his revolutionary ideas,” Xerox 550

JERUSALEM, Israel — Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu says his government has decided to place anyone arriving from overseas into quarantine in a move to contain a growing coronavirus outbreak. Netanyahu announced the 14-day quarantine on Monday after consultations with Cabinet ministers and senior health officials. “This is a difficult decision, but it's necessary to protect public health. Public health comes before everything else,” Netanyahu said. 475

Italian Premier Giuseppe Conte says he is restricting travel nationwide to try to stop the spread of the new coronavirus. Conte said Monday night a new government decree will require all people in Italy to demonstrate they need to work, have health conditions or other limited legitimate reasons to travel outside their home areas. He said the restrictions will take effect on Tuesday and like those in northern Italy will last until April 3. Pubs had been closed in northern Italy, with eateries and cafes also ordered to close at dusk. Now that crackdown is extended to the entire country. 604