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NANJING, April 23 (Xinhua) -- At a time when almost every commodity in China is getting more expensive, the dwindling cost of medicine is a rarity.Zhang Jinkui, a hypertension patient, buys medicines from the community health center of his neighborhood in Changzhou, a city in east China's coastal Jiangsu Province.His prescription list includes Aspirin Enteric-coated tablets, down to 1.4 yuan from 4.7 yuan (0.7 U.S. dollars) per unit, and Fosinopril Sodium Tablets, down to 41.39 yuan from 51.6 yuan per unit.Both drugs are found on the essential drug list unveiled in 2009. The list names the 307 most common western and traditional Chinese medicines, which are heavily subsidized so hospitals can sell them at cost price.A consumer buys medicines with the help of a retailer at a pharmacy in Lianyungang, east China's Jiangsu Province, March 28, 2011.All essential medicines are listed by their generic names, and drug producers compete to supply essential medicines through public procurement.Due to a long history of low government funding for state-run hospitals, which often covers only 10 percent of the hospitals' operating costs, doctors have generated income for hospitals by aggressively prescribing expensive, and sometimes unnecessary, medicines and treatments.The essential medicine system and the reform of publicly funded hospitals, two pillars of China's health reform, are designed to address high medical costs and low accessibility of medical services.In April 2009, China kicked off health reforms aimed at correcting these long-standing problems facing China's health system and easing public grievances.Two years later, the essential medicine system has reduced drug prices, but still fails to please hospitals, patients and drug producers.The system requires government-funded grassroots health clinics, including urban community health centers and rural clinics, to prescribe only essential medicines and to sell these medicines at cost price, rather than with the previous 15 percent mark-up.Such policies have brought hard times to grassroots health clinics, especially in cash-strapped areas.Song Wenzhi, a public health professor at Peking University, said "Grassroots health clinics, without the expertise to perform operations and other treatments, rely heavily on selling drug," adding that these hospitals have found themselves scraping by due to the zero percent mark-up policy.Wang Zhiying, Vice Director of the People's Hospital of Anxiang County in the city of Changde, Hunan Province, said four grassroots hospitals in Changde tested the essential medicine system as pilot projects, but the zero percent mark-up policy took away 60 to 70 percent of the hospitals' revenue.Wang was quoted by "Health News," a newspaper run by China's Ministry of Health, as saying that, due to financial difficulties, the county government had not yet channeled the 8 million yuan (1.2 million U.S.dollars) in support funds into the hospitals' accounts, resulting in the resignations of many doctors.The essential medicine system covers 60 percent of government-funded grassroots hospitals and drug prices have fallen by an average of 30 percent, said Sun Zhigang, Director of the Health Reform Office under the State Council, or China's Cabinet.According to the health reform plan for 2011, the essential medicine system will cover all government-sponsored health institutions at the grassroots level by the end of the year and drugs will be sold there at a zero percent mark-up.Song Wenzhi said the key will be the commitment of local governments to health reform and their financial input. This way, essential medicines can benefit the public without bankrupting grassroots health institutions."That would be a great sum of money." said Song, citing his own studies. "There are roughly 5,000 government-funded hospitals in China. One third of them make profits, one third barely break even, and still one third rely heavily on government subsidies."To maintain the poorest hospitals, central and local level governments would need to invest 15 billion yuan (2.3 billion U.S. dollars) each year, according to Song's estimate.

BEIJING, Jan. 19 (Xinhua) -- China's central government on Wednesday called on local authorities to step up efforts to ensure a stable market supply of daily necessities, such as food and clothing, as freezing weather continues to plague south and southwest China.The Ministry of Commerce required local government departments to guide companies to increase supplies such as rice, edible oil, meat and vegetables.It also required local departments to closely watch market changes and release reserves of commodities when necessary, said a statement on its website.The statement said the government of southwest China's Chongqing Municipality has urged local supermarkets to maintain the prices of 10 types of vegetables that are affordable to the public, while authorities in the rain and snow-battered Guizhou and Hunan provinces guided logistics companies and wholesales markets to take measures to insure supplies.The Ministry of Agriculture on Wednesday also ordered local departments to expand areas for growing vegetables when conditions allow, as agricultural experts were also sent to fields to help farmers save their crops.The country's meteorological authority forecast Wednesday that over the next three days, heavy snow and icy rain would continue in provinces and municipalities including Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Chongqing.

WASHINGTON, April 4 (Xinhua) -- New research from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has revealed an increased incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), such as heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular death, in patients with severe psoriasis. The study results were reported Monday at the annual American College of Cardiology meeting in New Orleans.Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease, and if severe, has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the degree to which psoriasis is associated with MACE has not been defined.In a cohort study analyzing data from a general practice research database, Lead author Nehal Mehta, director of Inflammatory Risk in Penn's Preventive Cardiology program, and colleagues reviewed the case histories of over 3,600 patients with severe psoriasis and 14,300 controls. They found that patients with severe psoriasis have a 53 percent increased incidence of MACE compared to the general population. They also found that having a diagnosed case of severe psoriasis confers an additional ten-year risk of six percent on MACE.Previous work from Mehta and colleagues found that the risk of death from cardiovascular disease increased by 57 percent in patients with severe psoriasis. In addition, the relative risk of death from cardiovascular disease was even higher in younger patients, who were as young as age 40.The researchers conclude that this new estimate of increased ten-year MACE may warrant more aggressive strategies for treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psoriasis.

BEIJING, May 12 (Xinhuanet) -- Italian archaeologists are digging the remains of Lisa Gherardini, a 16th-century woman who is widely believed to be the model for the famous portrait Mona Lisa, AFP reported on Wednesday.The team of historians say they will try to find the remains using geo-radar equipment and then try to re-create a likeness of what the woman, Lisa Gherardini, would have looked like to compare her to Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa.Gherardini (1479-1542), also known by her married name as Lisa del Giocondo, was the wife of a Florentine silk merchant and is widely believed to have been the model for the  portrait that now hangs in the Louvre in Paris.But the issue has never been settled definitively and mystery still shrouds the model's enigmatic expression and other details of the portrait.

BEIJING, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- Snow fell again in Beijing Saturday night, three days after the city had its first snow this winter.Snow continued falling on Sunday morning but was forecasted to stop in the daytime.From 8:00 p.m. Saturday to 8:00 a.m. Sunday, precipitation in Beijing averaged 1.7 mm to 3.1 mm in downtown areas, local meteorologists said.Zhang Qiang, head of the municipal artificial weather intervention office, said the office began cloud seeding and was continuing efforts to increase snowfall from 7:25 p.m. Saturday in the nine districts and counties of Miyun, Mentougou, Yanqing, Haidian, Pinggu, Changping, Shijingshan, Fangshan and Huairou.By 8:20 a.m. Sunday, 657 silver iodide rods had been used to increase the snowfall.More than 3,583 people and 768 vehicles have been mobilized since Saturday to clear the snow on major roads of Beijing to ensure road transportation, according to the city transportation departments.Beijing had its first snow of the winter Wednesday and Thursday after 108 days of zero precipitation.Meteorologists said the snowfall in Beijing had helped ease the pressure of drought."Beijing is expected to have another cold front from Feb. 15 to Feb. 16, but it is not sure if there will be another snowfall then," said Liao Xiaonong, chief weatherman with the Beijing Meteorological Bureau.