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Being home more during the pandemic, and with less traffic on the roads from stay-at-home orders, many people have heard more bird calls and the sounds of nature in urban areas. Scientists now say at least one bird species has been able to adjust their bird song because of the lack of human noise to compete with.Researchers have been studying the white-crowned sparrows in and around San Francisco for more than two decades. They compare their songs in recent years with recordings made in the 1970s.They found as traffic levels increased over the decades, the lowest frequencies of the sparrows’ song rose. This allowed their song to be heard above the low hum of vehicles. The top frequencies remained the same, so the total frequency bandwidth of their communication was narrowed.Degrading their songs this way, and limiting their range, makes them less effective at deterring rivals, attracting mates, or hearing their own chicks, according to researchers. In noisy environments, birds have to sing louder, which research has shown can result in stress and can speed up a bird’s aging and disrupt their metabolisms.When stay-at-home orders and coronavirus pandemic safety measures were put in place in March, the lead researcher, Elizabeth Derryberry, remembers seeing an image of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco completely empty of cars or humans. She wondered how the sparrows were responding.They compared audio recordings of the bird songs from spring 2015 and 2016, to those taken this spring. The recordings were made in a variety of urban and rural locations around the greater San Francisco area.“We found that birds sung at lower minimum frequencies, achieving greater bandwidth songs in newly open acoustic space. An increase in frequency bandwidth results in the transmission of more information and greater vocal performance,” the study states.The samples taken in 2020 revealed the white-crowned sparrows had changed their tune, so-to-speak, and were singing softer and using a wider range of frequencies. They also were able to communicate twice as far as previous recordings.“This doubling in communication distance could elevate fitness by reducing territorial conflicts and increasing mating potential,” researchers stated.Researchers also say this explains why more people report hearing birds during the pandemic. Since the songs are traveling farther distances, humans are able to hear more of them.They also say the changes in the birds’ songs were more pronounced in urban areas compared to the rural location samples. This would make sense, they say, because the traffic noise did not change as drastically in the rural locations during the pandemic.“Our findings indicate that songbirds like white-crowned sparrows have a striking capacity to exploit newly empty soundscapes following acute but ephemeral amelioration of noise pollution, suggesting that lasting remediation might engender even more promising outcomes, such as demographic recovery and higher species diversity in urban areas,” they concluded. 3055

Beyond the beaches of the world, lies the potential for oceans of energy."I'm very excited about this because it's a very renewable energy-based technology,” said Professor Bruce Logan of Penn State University.Logan and university researchers recently created a device that removes salt from seawater in a cheaper way, allowing that water to then be used to create a renewable form of hydrogen fuel.“There's a lot of interest in renewable hydrogen,” Logan said. “Most of the hydrogen made today is made from fossil fuels, and so, we're interested in making that hydrogen from water.”That involves splitting water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen. The problem? Seawater also has salt, which needs to be removed first and that’s expensive to do.However, the “seawater electrolyzer” that Logan and his team worked on takes care of that issue cheaply by using a special membrane and without requiring expensive desalination plants. The findings were recently published in the Journal of Energy and Environmental Science.“Hydrogen is a great fuel,” he said. “It's been examined as a fuel for many decades now.”About 97 percent of all the water on earth is in the ocean, which means if it could be used efficiently to make hydrogen fuel, it could be a game-changer.“As we look to de-carbonize our fossil fuel infrastructure, we also can use it primarily for heavy-duty vehicles,” Logan said. “Airbus is looking to actually make airplanes that fly on hydrogen.”For now, though, their device would need to be scaled-up to a much larger version.“There are many nations and companies and nations across the world looking to do this. One of the biggest proposed hydrogen plants is in Saudi Arabia -- billion,” Logan said. “I would hope to convince them that it might be cheaper and better to use seawater directly, you know, in a system like this.”It’s a possibility that might one day create a bridge between our energy needs on land and the power in the sea. 1962

BRENTWOOD, Tenn. (AP) — A Tennessee school district has issued an apology for a social studies assignment that asked students to pretend to be slave-owners and brainstorm expectations for their slaves.The Tennessean reported Thursday that Williamson County Schools and Sunset Middle School apologized for the assignment, saying it was inappropriate. The homework also assigned other tasks including the creation of a political cartoon depicting immigrant labor in the U.S. and writing a public service announcement about the hazards of living in urban areas.The two teachers who assigned the homework also apologized, saying in a statement that the assignment has been pulled and won't be graded.The Tennessee Department of Education says the middle school is 70 percent white. 785

Baltimore Police confirmed a man was hit by a light rail train and cut in half at 8:35 a.m. Thursday.The accident occurred at North Howard and West Lexington Street, roughly a block south of the Lexington Market Light Rail stop. Police believe the incident occurred somewhere between Mulberry Street and Saratoga Street, with the person's body ultimately becoming dislodged from the train near West Lexington Street, Baltimore Police Chief Spokesman T.J. Smith said in an update around 10:30 a.m. There were passengers on the train at the time of the incident, Maryland Transit Administration Public Information Officer Paul Sheppard confirmed. Investigators are operating in a large scene that spans Howard Street from Mulberry Street south to Baltimore Street. "It's a large scene that spans several blocks," Smith said.  856

BROOMFIELD, Colo. -- Scripps station KMGH in Denver spoke to a heartbroken Broomfield family who was scammed out of a lot of money and who is sharing their story in the hope no one else falls victim to the same scam.Bre Madsen and her dad, Terry, have always loved Labrador retrievers."As soon as I saw Leeya's face, I thought for sure this puppy grabs your heart."But when Terry saw 9-week-old adorable Leeya on GreatRetrievers.com, he knew she was the one."I'd really like a purebred 'cause I’d like to do some pheasant hunting as I get closer to retirement,” said Terry.The breeder appeared to be based in Texas and listed the lab at a reasonable price tag: 9. The breeder even offered free shipping, immunizations, guaranteed health record and was ready to go.Terry paid the amount two weeks ago and is still waiting for Leeya. He can’t seem to reach the breeder anymore by phone, but still receives the random excuse via email, explaining the missed shipping date."Just couldn't get this puppy on the airplane. Things weren't going right," said Terry as he recounted the last excuse he was given.Bre wanted to be sure about the scam and pretended to be someone else interested in Leeya."When I'm on the phone with the guy and he's telling me that Leeya is still available, it took everything in me not to just break down and cry," said Bre.KMGH tried calling multiple times and did not reach anyone, nor a recorded voicemail associated with the breeder.We started digging into the testimonials on the breeder website too.A photo of a little girl in a hospital bed with a caption from her mother, about how helpful the golden retriever was to her daughter stricken with cancer, is actually ripped from an AP article. The picture is of a little girl with cancer but the girl is located in Ecuador, and that dog... well, it’s actually a cocker spaniel.Unless there's a good explanation, it seems like Leeya might not make it to Colorado, so Bre and Terry are sharing their story."It was so hard to see my dad get his heart broken like that and I just thought if there was anything that would help this from happening to anyone else, I would do it. I don't want them to do this to another family," said Bre.For more information about the Pet Animal Care Facilities Act under the Colorado Department of Agriculture, visit PACFA where you can file a complaint if you suspect someone is posing as a breeder.Also, any person operating as a breeder must register and be licensed with the USDA. For a full list of licensed breeders across the country, visit this USDA link.  2645