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The Food and Drug Administration released updated safety standards Tuesday for makers of COVID-19 vaccines despite efforts by the White House to block them, clearing the way for requirements that are widely expected to prevent the introduction of a vaccine before Election Day.In the new guidelines posted on its website, the FDA said vaccine makers should follow trial participants for at least two months to rule out any major side effects before seeking emergency approval. That standard had been a sticking point between the FDA and White House officials, who said it could unreasonably delay the availability of COVID-19 vaccines.President Donald Trump has repeatedly insisted a vaccine could be authorized before Nov. 3, even though top government scientists working on the effort have said that timeline is very unlikely. On Monday Trump said vaccines are coming “momentarily,” in a video recorded after he returned to the White House.Former FDA officials have warned that public perception that a vaccine was being rushed out for political reasons could derail efforts to vaccinate millions of Americans.A senior administration official confirmed Monday that the White House had blocked FDA’s plans to formally publish the safety guidelines based on the two-month data requirement, arguing there was “no clinical or medical reason” for it.But on Tuesday, the FDA posted the guidance on its website, making clear that regulators plan to impose the safety standards for any vaccine seeking an expedited path to market.FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn said in a statement that he hoped the guidelines would help “the public understand our science-based decision-making process that assures vaccine quality, safety and efficacy.”The requirements are aimed at companies seeking rapid approval through the FDA’s emergency authorization pathway. That accelerated process, reserved for health emergencies, allows medical products onto the market based on a lower bar than traditional FDA approval. But FDA has made clear only vaccines that are shown to be safe and effective will be authorized for coronavirus.Former FDA acting commissioner Dr. Stephen Ostroff said the requirements seem reasonable given the agency is in largely “uncharted territory” in terms of considering emergency use of a vaccine. The agency has only previously cleared one vaccine through the method — a decades-old shot that was authorized to prevent anthrax poisoning in 2005.“There really is no margin for error here,” Ostroff said. “Even when you’re talking about limited use of a vaccine there has to be some level of assurance that there isn’t a risk here that would far outweigh the benefit.”Dr. Peter Marks, the head of FDA’s vaccine division, said Tuesday that the two-month follow-up requirement was chosen to be “something reasonably aggressive, but not too conservative — right in the middle.” He spoke at a symposium organized by Johns Hopkins University.Initial doses of vaccines for emergency use would likely be reserved for medical workers and people with health conditions that make them particularly vulnerable to coronavirus. Full FDA approval for the general population will require significantly more data and is not expected until mid-2021.The White House attempt to block the guidance followed a string of instances in which the Trump administration has undercut its own medical experts working to combat the pandemic. FDA’s Hahn has been attempting to shore up public confidence in the vaccine review process for weeks, vowing that career scientists, not politicians, will decide if the shots are safe and effective.Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla has stoked excitement by saying that he expects data on whether the company’s candidate works to be ready in late October. But a number of variables would still have to align for the company to submit, and the FDA to review and greenlight, a vaccine application before Nov. 3. Pfizer’s competitors Moderna, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson are working on longer research timelines.Vaccine development typically takes years, but the U.S. government has invested billions in efforts to accelerate the process and help multiple drugmakers prepare multiple candidates. All the doses will be purchased by the federal government for use vaccinating the U.S. population.Beyond exposing the rift between the White House and FDA, the delay in releasing the guidelines may have had limited practical effect.FDA scientists have been discussing the guidelines publicly for weeks and have made clear that the recommendations have already been shared with each of the vaccine developers.Former FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb said Tuesday that drugmakers depend on the FDA’s science-based endorsement to vouch for the safety and effectiveness of their products.“I can’t imagine a circumstance where a sponsor would challenge or seek to undermine the FDA’s role here,” Gottlieb said at the COVID-19 symposium. “This is precisely the moment when we need an objective, neutral arbiter.”Last week, Gottlieb and six other former FDA commissioners blasted the Trump administration for “undermining the credibility” of the agency in a op-ed calling for the release of the then-stalled vaccine guidelines.“Scientists should make decisions based on data, unfettered by political pressure or the intrusions of ideology or vested interests,” the officials wrote.___AP Medical Writer Lauran Neergaard contributed to this report.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 5644

The decision to forego local bubbles was jointly recommended by NFL and NFLPA medical experts based on COVID testing data. They’re happy with the numbers and sticking with what works. Here’s the full memo, which also updates return to play protocols, etc. pic.twitter.com/GQxF0IF3jt— Tom Pelissero (@TomPelissero) December 15, 2020 345

The Dow Jones Industrial Average has nearly made a full comeback from the coronavirus doldrums its faced during the spring.After peaking in February at 29,551, the Dow Jones dropped to 18,591 just a month later. On Tuesday, the Dow closed at 29,420 points for its highest close since February 12.The Dow Jones has been spurred by news that Pfizer’s Phase 3 coronavirus vaccine is showing at 90% effectiveness rating. The news has buoyed stocks from across the spectrum in recent days, including travel, technology and entertainment.After a summer of impressive gains, the Dow leveled off for much of the fall as coronavirus cases began to surge throughout the US. 671

The Food and Drug Administration approved on Wednesday a treatment for the Ebola virus. This is the first FDA-approved treatment for Zaire ebolavirus infection in adults and kids.Zaire ebolavirus is one of four Ebola virus species that can cause potentially deadly infections. It is transmitted through direct contact with blood, tissue or body fluids of an infected person or wild animal.The treatment, Inmazeb, is a mixture of three monoclonal antibodies and was created by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. The three antibodies work together to bind to the glycoprotein on the surface of the Ebola virus and block it from entry into the body’s cells.Inmazeb was tested in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during an Ebola virus outbreak in 2018-2019 through a partnership between the local government and the National Institutes of Health.A vaccine for Ebola virus was approved by the FDA in December 2019.Regeneron is also the company behind an experimental antibody cocktail that was given to President Donald Trump following his diagnosis of COVID-19, and which he said “cured” him. Trump was also prescribed the antiviral drug remdesivir and the steroid dexamethasone at the time.Regeneron’s COVID-19 treatment is a mix of two powerful antibodies that are believed to boost the immune response to the coronavirus. Early results seem promising, according to initial tests and a press release from the company.The company has submitted an application to the FDA to get emergency approval of their COVID-19 treatment. 1525

The First Baptist Church of Sutherland Springs will reopen its sanctuary as a memorial on Sunday, one week after a gunman killed 25 people and an unborn child.In a Saturday news release, the Texas church invited the public and the media to the memorial to honor the dead, saying it had "undertaken several projects to help the healing process for the families and the community," one of which included restoring the church's sanctuary."Through generous volunteer efforts and offers from several individuals with varying fields of expertise," the statement read, "the scene of this unspeakable event has been transformed into a beautiful memorial that celebrates and pays tribute to the lives that were lost." 716

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