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A pinch in the leg, a squeal and a trickle of tears. One baby after another in Malawi is getting the first and only vaccine against malaria, one of history’s deadliest and most stubborn of diseases.The southern African nation is rolling out the shots in an unusual pilot program along with Kenya and Ghana. Unlike established vaccines that offer near-complete protection, this new one is only about 40% effective. But experts say it’s worth a try as progress against malaria stalls: Resistance to treatment is growing and the global drop in cases has leveled off. With the vaccine, the hope is to help small children through the most dangerous period of their lives. Spread by mosquito bites, malaria kills more than 400,000 people every year, two-thirds of them under 5 and most in Africa.Seven-month-old Charity Nangware received a shot on a rainy December day at a health clinic in the town of Migowi. She watched curiously as the needle slid into her thigh, then twisted up her face with a howl.“I’m very excited about this,” said her mother, Esther Gonjani, who herself gets malaria’s aches, chills and fever at least once a year and loses a week of field work when one of her children is ill. “They explained it wasn’t perfect, but I feel secure it will relieve the pain.”There is little escaping malaria -- “malungo” in the local Chichewa language -- especially during the five-month rainy season. Stagnant puddles, where mosquitoes breed, surround the homes of brick and thatch and line the dirt roads through tea plantations or fields of maize and sugar cane. In the village of Tomali, the nearest health clinic is a two-hour bike ride away. The longer it takes to get care, the more dangerous malaria can be. Teams from the clinic offer basic medical care during visits once or twice a month, bringing the malaria shot and other vaccines in portable coolers. Treating malaria takes up a good portion of their time during the rainy season, according to Daisy Chikonde, a local health worker.“If this vaccine works, it will reduce the burden,” she said.Resident Doriga Ephrem proudly said her 5-month-old daughter, Grace, didn’t cry when she got the malaria shot.When she heard about the vaccine, Ephrem said her first thought was “protection is here.” Health workers explained, however, that the vaccine is not meant to replace antimalarial drugs or the insecticide-treated bed net she unfolds every night as the sun sets and mosquitoes rise from the shadows. “We even take our evening meals inside the net to avoid mosquitoes,” she said.It took three decades of research to develop the new vaccine, which works against the most common and deadly of the five parasite species that cause malaria. The parasite’s complex life cycle is a huge challenge. It changes forms in different stages of infection and is far harder to target than germs.“We don’t have any vaccines against parasites in routine use. This is uncharted territory,” said Ashley Birkett, who directs PATH’s Malaria Vaccine Initiative, a nonprofit that helped drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline develop the shot, brand-named Mosquirix. The bite of an infected mosquito sends immature parasites called sporozoites into the bloodstream. If they reach the liver, they’ll mature and multiply before spewing back into the blood to cause malaria’s debilitating symptoms. At that point, treatment requires medicines that kill the parasites.Mosquirix uses a piece of the parasite — a protein found only on sporozoites’ surface — in hopes of blocking the liver stage of infection. When a vaccinated child is bitten, the immune system should recognize the parasite and start making antibodies against it.Scientists also are searching for next-generation alternatives. In the pipeline is an experimental vaccine made of whole malaria parasites dissected from mosquitoes’ salivary glands but weakened so they won’t make people sick. Sanaria Inc. has been testing its vaccine in adults, and is planning a large, late-stage study in Equatorial Guinea’s Bioko Island.And the U.S. National Institutes of Health soon will start initial tests of whether injecting people periodically with lab-made antibodies, rather than depending on the immune system to make them, could offer temporary protection during malaria season. Think of them as “potentially short-term vaccines,” NIH’s Dr. Robert Seder told a recent meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.For now, only babies in parts of Malawi, Kenya and Ghana are eligible for the Mosquirix vaccine. After the vaccine was approved in 2015, the World Health Organization said it first wanted a pilot roll-out to see how well it worked in a few countries — in real-world conditions — before recommending that the vaccine be given more widely across Africa. “Everyone is looking forward to getting it,” said Temwa Mzengeza, who oversees Malawi’s vaccine programs. Those eager for the shots include her husband, whom she had to stop from trying to get them, she said.Mzengeza used to come down with malaria several times a year until she started following her own advice to sleep under a net every night. Unlike many other kinds of infections, people can get malaria repeatedly, building up only a partial immunity.In the pilot program that began last year, 360,000 children in the three countries are meant to be vaccinated annually. The first dose is given at about age 5 months and the final, fourth booster near the child’s second birthday.Experts say it is too early to know how well the vaccine is working. They’re watching for malaria deaths, severe infections and cases of meningitis, something reported during studies but not definitively linked to the vaccine.“To do something completely new for malaria is exciting,” said researcher Don Mathanga, who is leading the evaluation in Malawi. The rainy season has brought new challenges, making some rural roads impassable and complicating efforts to track down children due for a shot. So far in Malawi, the first dose reached about half of the children targeted, about 35,000. That dropped to 26,000 for the second dose and 20,000 for the third. That’s not surprising for a new vaccine, Mzengeza said. “It will pick up with time.”At the health clinic in Migowi in Malawi’s southern highlands, workers see signs of hope. Henry Kadzuwa explains the vaccine to mothers waiting at the clinic. He said there was a drop in malaria cases to 40 in the first five months of the program, compared to 78 in the same period in 2018.Even though he wishes his 3-year-old daughter, Angel, could receive the vaccine, “it’s protecting my community. It also makes my work easier,” Kadzuwa said. The Migowi area has one of the country’s highest rates of malaria, and a worn paper register in the clinic’s laboratory lists scores of cases.At the clinic, Agnes Ngubale said she had malaria several years ago and wants to protect her 6-month-old daughter, Lydia, from the disease.“I want her to be healthy and free,” she said. “I want her to be a doctor.”And she has memorized the time for Lydia’s second dose: “Next month, same date.”___Neergaard reported from Washington.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives 7200

An Alabama inmate convicted of stabbing a minister nearly three decades ago died by lethal injection Thursday night, officials said.Christopher Lee Price's execution was carried out at 8:12 p.m. ET. at William C. Holman Correctional Facility in Atmore, Bob Horton, a spokesman for the state Department of Corrections, said in an email to CNN. Price was pronounced dead at 8:31 p.m. ET, according to Horton."Tonight, the family of Pastor Bill Lynn, who was brutally murdered nearly 30 years ago, has finally seen Lynn's killer face justice," Alabama Attorney General Steve Marshall said 598

Americans have welcomed him into their living rooms since 1984, and for decades, the beloved host of Jeopardy became a daily staple in many people’s lives. This week, on the familiar set of the popular game show, Alex Trebek delivered somber news: he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. "Just like 50,000 others each year, this week I was diagnosed with stage 4 pancreatic cancer,” Trebek said in the video. “Now, normally the prognosis for this is not very encouraging, but I’m going to fight this, and I’m going to keep working." The sad reality is Trebek is right. Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest types of the disease. “The 5-year survival rate is just 9 percent,” says Julie Fleshman with the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network. Fleshman says it’s also not an easy disease to diagnose early, because symptoms like back pain and stomach aches can be benign. Therefore, pancreatic cancer is often only diagnosed when it's reached stage 4, meaning it has spread to other parts of the body. But Fleshman says Trebek's video message may be a breath of fresh air for anyone battling the disease. "I think having hope and empowerment when diagnosed with a difficult disease like pancreatic cancer is extremely important, and Alex’s message yesterday was courageous and inspiring to all of us," she says.In his announcement, Trebek inserted a bit of his trademark humor, saying he was going to fight this because “truth told, I have to, because under the terms of my contract I have to host Jeopardy for three more years!"Trebek asked for prayers from his fans. Watch his message to fans 1608

A study released Wednesday by the British Medical Journal claims that vegetarians could have a higher risk of a stroke than meat eaters.The study followed more than 48,000 participants in the UK for nearly 18 years. The study placed participants in three groups: Meat eaters, fish eaters and vegetarians. The study claims that vegetarians were 20 percent more likely to have a stroke than meat eaters, which equaled to be three additional haemorrhagic stroke victims per 1,000 participants. Before you change your eating habits, you should know that meat eaters were more likely to develop a heart disease than vegetarians. The difference between meat eaters and vegetarians was 10 additional cases of heart disease per 1,000 participants. According to the British Medical Journal, previous studies on the correlation between a vegetarian diet and strokes only reported stroke mortality. In those studies, there was no significant difference between vegetarians and meat eaters in stroke mortality. The study did adjust for self reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, and body mass index, which suggests that part of the associations might be attributed to these factors, it says."However, the lower risk in vegetarians and vegans remained marginally significant after adjustment for all of these factors," the study said.To read the full study, click 1389

Airlines in multiple countries have suspended the use of Boeing's new 737 MAX 8 aircraft over concerns about its safety, after an Ethiopian Airlines flight of the same model crashed Sunday killing all 157 on board.Flight ET302 to Nairobi had just taken off from the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa Sunday when it reported technical problems and asked for permission to turn back. It crashed shortly afterwards.As the crash investigation got underway, the Civil Aviation Administration of China ordered Monday that all domestic Boeing 737 MAX 8 jets be out of the air by 6 p.m. local time, due to its principle of "zero tolerance for safety hazards."China has one of the world's largest fleets of Boeing 737 MAX 8, operating 97 of the planes, according to Chinese state-run media.The move was followed by an announcement from Ethiopian Airlines that the carrier had grounded its fleet of Boeing 737 MAX 8 jets as an "extra safety precaution." Cayman Airways also said on Monday it was grounding both of its "new Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft ... until more information is received."Sunday marked the second time in less than six months that a new Boeing aircraft crashed just minutes into a flight. A Lion Air Boeing 737 MAX 8 flight went down over the Java Sea last October, killing all 189 people on board.Both crashes are under investigation and there is no evidence of a link between the two, but similarities in the incidents have prompted caution among some airlines."Given in both air crashes, the aircrafts were newly delivered Boeing 737 MAX 8, and both accidents occurred during the take-off, they share certain similarities," the Chinese administration said in a statement. It added that it would contact Boeing and the US Federal Aviation Administration to confirm "flight safety" issues before allowing the planes to fly again.Mary Schiavo, a CNN aviation analyst and the former Inspector General of the US Transportation Department, called the two incidents "highly suspicious.""Here we have a brand-new aircraft that's gone down twice in a year. That rings alarm bells in the aviation industry, because that just doesn't happen," she said.State-owned Ethiopian Airlines is one of Africa's leading aviation groups, and the continent's largest carrier by number of passengers.The Kenyan and Ethiopian governments announced a joint disaster response team on Monday to investigate the crash. Kenya's Cabinet Secretary of Transport James Macharia described it as a "very complex investigation."In a statement Sunday, Boeing said it was "deeply saddened" to hear about the loss of life in the Ethiopian Airlines plane crash."A Boeing technical team will be traveling to the crash site to provide technical assistance under the direction of the Ethiopia Accident Investigation Bureau and US National Transportation Safety Board," the statement said.Investigations ongoing after crashThe Ethiopian Airlines flight to Nairobi, in Kenya, lost contact with authorities shortly after takeoff at 8.44 a.m. local time, just minutes after it left Bole International Airport.Tewolde GebreMariam, Ethiopian Airlines CEO, said at a press conference Sunday that the pilot had reported technical difficulties and had been given clearance to return to the Ethiopian capital.An eyewitness told CNN they saw smoke coming from the plane before it crashed on Sunday.GebreMariam said a routine maintenance check hadn't revealed anything before takeoff. The pilot was a senior Ethiopian Airlines employee who had flown more than 8,000 hours and had an "excellent flying record," he added."As it is a fresh incident, we have not been able to determine the cause. As I said, it is a brand new airplane with no technical remarks, flown by a senior pilot and there is no cause that we can attribute at this time," GebreMariam said.Speaking on Monday, Kenyan Transport Secretary Macharia said relatives of the victims would be given "the utmost attention," including accommodation and flights to Ethiopia, if necessary.The US National Transportation Safety Board said on Sunday it would be sending a team of four to assist in the investigation into the crash.CNN aviation expert Richard Quest said while a "final determination" on the cause of the crash might be years away, information from the flight recorders should be retrieved within a matter of weeks.Global disasterCitizens of 35 countries were among the 157 people killed in Sunday's crash, including 32 Kenyans, 18 Canadians, nine Ethiopians and eight passengers each from China, Italy and the United States.The United Nations has announced 19 of their staff members were among the dead, including employees of the World Food Programme, the Office of the High Commissioner on Refugees and the Food and Agriculture Organization.Not all victims have been named, but some details have been released.The Ethiopian government expressed its "deepest condolences to the families," in a statement from the office of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. 4985