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Being home more during the pandemic, and with less traffic on the roads from stay-at-home orders, many people have heard more bird calls and the sounds of nature in urban areas. Scientists now say at least one bird species has been able to adjust their bird song because of the lack of human noise to compete with.Researchers have been studying the white-crowned sparrows in and around San Francisco for more than two decades. They compare their songs in recent years with recordings made in the 1970s.They found as traffic levels increased over the decades, the lowest frequencies of the sparrows’ song rose. This allowed their song to be heard above the low hum of vehicles. The top frequencies remained the same, so the total frequency bandwidth of their communication was narrowed.Degrading their songs this way, and limiting their range, makes them less effective at deterring rivals, attracting mates, or hearing their own chicks, according to researchers. In noisy environments, birds have to sing louder, which research has shown can result in stress and can speed up a bird’s aging and disrupt their metabolisms.When stay-at-home orders and coronavirus pandemic safety measures were put in place in March, the lead researcher, Elizabeth Derryberry, remembers seeing an image of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco completely empty of cars or humans. She wondered how the sparrows were responding.They compared audio recordings of the bird songs from spring 2015 and 2016, to those taken this spring. The recordings were made in a variety of urban and rural locations around the greater San Francisco area.“We found that birds sung at lower minimum frequencies, achieving greater bandwidth songs in newly open acoustic space. An increase in frequency bandwidth results in the transmission of more information and greater vocal performance,” the study states.The samples taken in 2020 revealed the white-crowned sparrows had changed their tune, so-to-speak, and were singing softer and using a wider range of frequencies. They also were able to communicate twice as far as previous recordings.“This doubling in communication distance could elevate fitness by reducing territorial conflicts and increasing mating potential,” researchers stated.Researchers also say this explains why more people report hearing birds during the pandemic. Since the songs are traveling farther distances, humans are able to hear more of them.They also say the changes in the birds’ songs were more pronounced in urban areas compared to the rural location samples. This would make sense, they say, because the traffic noise did not change as drastically in the rural locations during the pandemic.“Our findings indicate that songbirds like white-crowned sparrows have a striking capacity to exploit newly empty soundscapes following acute but ephemeral amelioration of noise pollution, suggesting that lasting remediation might engender even more promising outcomes, such as demographic recovery and higher species diversity in urban areas,” they concluded. 3055

Bill Cosby's retrial on aggravated indecent assault charges has been set to start April 2 in a suburban Philadelphia courtroom.Montgomery County Judge Steven T. O'Neill set the date in an order issued Friday. The order said jury selection questions and jury instructions must be submitted to the judge by March 15.The case centers on testimony from Andrea Constand, a former Temple University employee who accuses Cosby of drugging and assaulting her in January 2004. Cosby's attorneys argued that the sexual contact was consensual. 540

Behind every stitch and each piece of fabric on the dolls put on display in Washington D.C., there’s a real face and a real story.Activist Marta Perez-Garcia is the creator of the display, and she hopes it will open the public’s eyes to the realities surrounding domestic violence.“I think, because I have too many people around me and I really saw it for so long, I needed to do something about it,” Perez-Garcia says.Perez-Garcia grew up in Puerto Rico and says she regularly witnessed women being abused. She says after moving to the mainland U.S., those stories didn’t stop."It's something that is in the media, that you see that is very close to home,” she says."One in 3 women are survivors of domestic violence and or sexual assault,” says Bakht Arif, who works with abuse survivors. “And that is a lot of people.Arif works with abuse survivors for a non-profit project in Washington D.C. She believes the doll display is one way to grab people's attention but says the conversation should go far beyond this.“Policy is important; legislation is important,” Arif says. “And we will be cheering and protesting for it and cheering for anyone who supports it and brings light to the issue.”The exhibit at the Franklin Reeves building in Washington D.C. was on display throughout the month of October to promote awareness.  But Perez-Garcia says the real voices for change will come from voters in November. "As society, we have to do something about this issue,” she says. “So, if it's to really take people in power to really make the right decisions against domestic violence, of course we have to do that.” 1631

Both chambers of Congress voted on Monday on a long-awaited COVID-19 relief package. A deal was reached among Congressional leaders Sunday evening, who worked through the weekend to smooth over differences, after months of tense negotiations.The vote passed the House by a 359-53 margin. Several hours later, the measure was approved by the US Senate by a 91-7 margin. The bill now goes to President Donald Trump for his approval. The bill included 0-a-week in supplemental jobless benefits, direct payments of 0 for individuals, more than 0 billion in small business loans and more than billion for schools, as well as billions for help with vaccine distribution.The relief bill is not expected to have money for state and local government aid, something Democrats had been pushing for as municipalities experience sharp declines in tax revenues.However, the measure would extend the deadline for using CARES Act funding from earlier this year. The deadline to use that funding without losing it had been the end of the year.The pandemic relief package is connected to a larger .4 trillion spending package that must get passed by Congress to keep the government running and fund it through September 30, 2021.Congress passed a two-day government funding bill Friday evening to push the shutdown deadline to Sunday night at midnight. The House then approved a one-day extension of government funding Sunday night, which Trump signed, according to the Washington Post, to allow the COVID-19 relief package to be finalized so both measures can be voted on together.The possibility of a relief bill deal happened earlier in the day Sunday, after late-night conversations Saturday over a key sticking point about the role of the Federal Reserve.Republican Senator Pat Toomey had pushed a provision late last week to pull back to the role of the central bank’s emergency lending authority, after it was given some abilities with the CARES ACT earlier this year. He wanted to rescind some of the unused funds from the emergency loan program, as well as stop some of the changes to the Fed approved in the CARES Act.Democrats said the provision would tie the hands of President-elect Biden’s administration and limit options for aid in 2021. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer worked with Toomey late into the night Saturday to work out a compromise.Trump has not been involved in recent talks about a relief package, and it is not clear how he will respond to the latest deal. 2496

BUFFALO, N.Y. -- Buffalo police officers are no longer required to display their names on their badges after a change in departmental rules. Officers will now be required to wear badges that show a badge number instead. According to Mayor Byron Brown, the change was made about a week ago due to ongoing concerns for officer safety. Brown says officers have been subjected to online threats, targeting them and their families. 434

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