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BEIJING, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- Equality has become a catchphrase when Chinese lawmakers mull over two major moves in the history of China's legislative progress.     Chinese rural and urban people are about to get equal representation in lawmaking bodies. It means farmers will have the same say in the country's decision-making process as urbanites.     At the five-day legislative session beginning Tuesday, members of national legislature discussed to give rural and urban people equal representation in people's congresses.     A draft amendment to the Electoral Law was tabled at the bimonthly meeting of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee. It requires that both rural and urban areas adopt the same ratio of deputies to the people's congresses.     The electoral system is the foot stone of democracy, and the principle of equality is a prerequisite to guarantee people's democratic rights.     The Electoral Law was enacted in 1953 and completely revised in1979. It then underwent four minor amendments.     Senior people are still nostalgic about the bean-counting way of electing their representatives in villages, which was the country's primitive mode of democracy after New China was founded in 1949.     Candidates who stood for election as deputies to a people's congress were elected if they received more than half of the beans.     Later voters began to use ballots.     After the last amendment in 1995, the law stipulates that each rural deputy represents a population four times that in urban areas.     That means in China, every 960,000 rural residents and every 240,000 urbanites are represented by one rural and urban NPC deputy respectively.     Critics say this can be interpreted as "farmers only enjoy a quarter of the suffrage of their urban counterparts."     During previous amendments in the 1980s, the difference was even as great as eight times.     But Li Shishi, director of the Commission for Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee, said such a provision is "in accordance with the country's political system and social conditions of that time" and is "completely necessary" as the rural population is much more than that of cities and an equal ratio of rural and urban representation will mean an excessive number of rural deputies.     Rural population made up almost 90 percent of the country's total in 1949. With the process of urbanization, the ratio of urban and rural residents was about 45.7 to 54.3 last year.     Li said that with rapid urbanization and rural economic development, the time is right for equal representation, which is conducive to "mobilizing people's enthusiasm and creativity" and the development of democracy.     Zhou Hanhua, a research fellow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the draft amendment is inline with social change, and "from the legal perspective it shows that all rights are equal under the law."     Obviously, the change will be a significant political progress and it is in line with the constitutional spirit that "everyone in the nation is equal."     It also reflects the transition of the country's urban and rural society.     According to the law, the number of deputies to the NPC is limited within 3,000, and the distribution of NPC deputies is decided by the NPC Standing Committee, the top legislature.     The draft amendment says the quotas of NPC deputies are distributed to 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions on the basis of their population, which ensures equal representation among regions and ethnic groups.     Another big issue that lawmakers deliberate at the session this week is to grant "equal compensation" to the victims of traffic, mining and industrial accidents as well as medical negligence, among others, regardless of the victims' identity, status, income and regional disparity.     The proposal is specified in the draft on tort liability, which is deliberated by members of the NPC Standing Committee for the third time.     Farmer victims normally get much less compensation than their urban counterparts. And there are often disputes from "different prices paid to different lives."     At the session, lawmakers consider to set the same compensation for all victims of an accident that results in many deaths.     It will be a significant step if the draft law on tort liability is adopted by the legislature, as it ensures equal rights for each Chinese and shows respect for every human life.

BEIJING, Nov. 4 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislator Wu Bangguo has stressed the importance of independent innovation amid the global financial crisis and called on engineering workers to boost research to serve the country's economic development.     Wu, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, made the remark during his visit to the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) on Wednesday.     Every major achievement that China has made could not be realized without technological breakthroughs and innovations contributed by the engineering academicians and experts, Wu said. Wu Bangguo (R, front), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC), inspects the Chinese Academy of Engineering and meets with some academicians in Beijing, capital of China, Nov. 4, 2009China's overall economic development so far this year is better than expectations, thanks to the government stimulus package, which proved to be correct, effective and timely, he said.     To enhance independent innovations is an urgent need for keeping the economy to develop fastly and steadily as the foundation of economic recovery is not solid yet, said Wu.     Wu encouraged CAE's academicians and experts to focus their researches on cutting-edge fields such as low-carbon technology, new energy, bio-medicine, IT, intelligent electricity grid and neo-energy vehicles, to provide technological support to the country's industrial upgrading and cultivation of new economic growth area.     Wu said CAE's more than 700 academicians are "valuable treasure" of the country, urging greater efforts to be made to provide better environment and conditions for their researches.

CAIRO, Nov. 6 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao arrived here Friday, starting a two-day official visit to Egypt preceding a top-level review of action to build China-Africa cooperation.     Egyptian Prime Minister Ahmed Nazef received Wen at the airport.     During his visit, Wen is scheduled to meet with Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and hold talks with Nazef. He will also meet with Arab League chief Amr Mussa, and deliver a speech at the Arab League headquarters in Cairo.     This is Wen's second official visit to Egypt. The first was in 2006, which marked the 50th anniversary of establishing diplomaticties between China and Egypt. Visiting Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao is greeted during a welcoming ceremony in Cairo, capital of Egypt, Nov. 6, 2009After his official visit to Egypt, Wen will attend the opening ceremony of the fourth ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh on Sunday.     Wen will also hold bilateral meetings with leaders of FOCAC member countries at Sharm el-Sheikh.     The FOCAC meeting, an important gathering after the Beijing Summit of the forum in November 2006, will review how the consensus of the Beijing Summit has been implemented.     It is also expected to adopt a declaration and an action plan for 2010-2012 to chart the path for further China-Africa cooperation.     Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi and Commerce Minister Chen Deming, as well as other senior officials, are accompanying Wen.

JOHANNESBURG, Dec. 24, (Xinhua) -- Legal ties between China and Africa have taken a major step forward with the conclusion of the First Forum on China-Africa Legal Co-operation in Cairo, Egypt on Monday.     Under the theme "Strengthen China-Africa Legal Exchange and Promote All Round Development of China-Africa Relationship", this forum was the first time lawyers from the China and Africa had met in such circumstances.     Greg Nott, who led the South African delegation, said on his return to Johannesburg on Thursday that he was "terribly excited by this forum and look forward to the implementation of a number of proposals tabled."     These included an exchange and cooperation between Chinese and African legal circles and a legal "think tank" to promote a universal and sustainable development of the China-Africa relationship.     Nott, who is the legal representative of the China-Africa Development Fund as well other China investor clients, said there were a number of other "ambitious and exciting proposals".     These include "the establishment of training and consulting centres as well as training projects for young African lawyers. This goes all hand-in-hand with private sector lawyers driving intellectual and legal support for business activity on both continents."     The forum was convened as the first step towards pragmatic cooperation between Chinese and African legal circles.     It was attended by delegates from Botswana, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia, as well as a strong delegation from the China Law Society.     The agenda included the important role of law in China-Africa cooperation, an introduction to the legal systems of China and African countries and their impact on trade and investment relations.     A number of prominent Egyptian and Chinese lawyers presided over the panels. The lawyers have much work to do because while China has one legal system, the 53 nations which make up Africa each have their own systems. Most are based on either the British legal system, with elements of Roman/Dutch law, or the French legal system.     There is also a strong legacy of Portuguese influence in former colonies. China's civil law system is based on traditional customs and practices, with Soviet and German influence.     Held on Dec. 20 and 21, the forum was hosted at the Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration.     The South African delegation included Rajen Ranchhoojee and Sheng Wu of the Johannesburg legal firm Dewey & LeBoeuf, where Nott is the managing partner.     The legal forum followed shortly after the meeting of foreign ministers at the fourth Forum on Africa China Cooperation, which was held in for Sharm-El-Sheikh, Egypt from Nov. 8 to 9.     At that meeting South African International Relations and Cooperation Minister Maite Nkoana Mashabane said China had played an important role in Africa's renewal. "For instance it has had significant role in peacekeeping in Africa."     She said a major strength of Chinese aid was its orientation to recipient priorities such as infrastructure (telecommunications, energy, roads) and productive sector investments (agriculture).     "Furthermore, Chinese assistance is considered to be relatively predictable assistance because it is disbursed on schedule within the intended financial year."     At that point she said development cooperation between South Africa and China is was regulated by two Agreements, "namely an agreement on Human Resource Development that was signed in 2004 and a February 2007 Agreement on Technical and Economic Cooperation".