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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The back-to-back announcements of promising clinical trial results from Pfizer and Moderna may usher in a new era for vaccine technology.Both companies have candidates that rely on a new kind of vaccine strategy: RNA. Preliminary data show both candidates are more than 90 percent effective.On the surface, the vaccine candidates look like any other you’ve taken. They work by training your body to build up defensive weapons against a virus, like antibodies and T-cells.But instead of training your body by introducing a killed virus or a fragment of a virus, the vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer introduce a set of instructions called messenger RNA enclosed in a little blob of fat.“The key concept of RNA is that they’re messages, and they’re meant as short-term messages,” said Dr. Shane Crotty of the La Jolla Institute for Immunology.Crotty said there are 5,000 to 10,000 messages within a cell at any given time.Once administered, the mRNA in the vaccine instructs some of your cells to make the coronavirus’ signature spike protein. The spike protein on the surface of the coronavirus allows it to infiltrate and hijack cells.Even though the spike protein is just one of about 25 genes the virus has, preliminary results from the clinical trials suggest it is enough material to train the immune system without making the recipient sick.Crotty likened the process of training the immune system to spotting a sedan. If the coronavirus is a car, the spike protein might be the door.“There's no way that car door could turn into a whole car, but it's enough of a piece of a car for your immune system to recognize that car if it saw it again,” he said.Scientists started by sequencing the virus’ DNA from a sick patient, then encoding that genetic sequence into an mRNA instruction molecule that can be read by the manufacturing part of cells.From there, Dr. Crotty said it’s a bit like the messenger app Snapchat.The mRNA gets injected into the body, sending temporary instructions to your cells that last for a while, then disappear. mRNA does not genetically modify cells, he stressed.“They’re around as messages for some period of time and then they go away, and the cells get back to their normal job of reading their own messages instead of reading the messages you’re injecting in the vaccine,” he said.The concept has been around since the 1990s, but there are currently no RNA vaccines on the market for any pathogen, so Dr. Crotty said it’s hard to estimate how long their protective effects will last.Some vaccines offer a lifetime of protection, like the measles vaccine. Others offer decades of protection. The flu vaccine only lasts about six months.Dr. Crotty said the length of protection depends on how fast the virus mutates and how long the immune cells survive in the body.But even if the COVID-19 vaccine turns out to need an annual update, he’s optimistic. The best feature of RNA vaccines is that they can be quickly reprogrammed.Both Moderna and Pfizer are still in their Phase 3 trials, but they expect to finish them by December. Together, they estimate they’ll have enough doses for about 35 million people by the end of this year, primarily for healthcare workers and high-risk individuals. 3250

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The famed Jessop's Clock that has rested in Horton Plaza since the center opened has been removed.Tuesday, the clock was moved into temporary storage, though the location is not being revealed, according to Jim Jessop, former owner of Jessop's Jewelry, a plaza mainstay for 125 years before closing in 2017.Upon announcing the closing of Jessop's Jewelry, the plaza asked Jessop to move the clock.RELATED: Grocery chain suing Horton Plaza over millions in sales lossesIt's likely the clock, constructed in 1907, will remain in temporary storage for a couple of years until its new location's lease is signed, Jessop says.The fact that its current location is being kept secret may be due to security concerns. Jessop said the clock had been vandalized in February and it had to be moved out as soon as possible because of the lack of security at the plaza to keep it safe. 899

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The Carte Hotel in the heart of Little Italy is not nearly as full as it could be.It had been open just a few months before the pandemic hit, "We had a great start until March and the virus started showing up," said general manager Henri Birmele.Like many other hotels in California, The Carte is only allowed to book rooms for essential workers.But staff is preparing for when the Governor says they can fully reopen. "We have sanitizers on every floor, every piece of equipment that's available we have throughout the building to take care of team members and hotel guests," Birmele said Common areas will be sanitized every hour, the restaurant and rooftop bar will be spaced out to make it easier to social distance, valet service won't be available, there will be at least 12 hours and a deep clean between when one person checks out and another checks in and room service will leave orders at the door instead of bringing them in. The Carte is hoping to ease people back into hotels by encouraging "staycations" and planning to offer locals discounts and deals. "How people react, I don't know. I think time will tell. I think we have all the precautions in place to make sure that everyone is safe during their stay," said Birmele. 1270

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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The holiday season gets underway this week, as several holiday events head to town.Thanksgiving offers families the chance to run off the turkey before dinner time with several Thanksgiving runs and races around San Diego. For those not planning to cook at home, there are plenty of buffet-style dinners host at local restaurants to enjoy.After Thanksgiving, Liberty Station and Seaport Village start the holidays with a tree lighting and by welcoming Surfin' Santa to town.RELATED:San Diego holiday tree lightings to catch this seasonTurkey trots, holiday runs in San Diego this seasonSkate away on one of San Diego's outdoor ice rinks this holiday seasonChristmas on the Prado also takes over Balboa Park this weekend, while Julian celebrates their own Country Christmas in the mountains.Outside of the holiday fun, the San Diego Jazz Festival brings the smooth, hip, and swaying sounds of music to town for a multi-day festival. And the SoNo Chili Cook-Off pits the area's best cooks head-to-head in a chili showdown.THURSDAYFather Joe's Villages Thanksgiving Day 5K Where: Balboa Park; Cost: - The 18th annual Thanksgiving Day 5K benefits Father Joe's Villages food services program to serve homeless individuals in San Diego. Stick around post race for live music, a beer garden, and Disney character meet-and-greets.MORE Thanksgiving Day races around San DiegoThanksgiving at Bleu Bohème Where: Kensington; Cost: -Enjoy french cuisine this Thanksgiving at Bleu Bohème, where chefs are serving crab croquette, roasted turkey, King salmon, short ribs, fresh beats and more on their menu. Dinners are per person and .95 for children 12 and under.MORE Thanksgiving Day dinners around San DiegoFRIDAYLiberty Station Tree Lighting Where: Liberty Station; Cost: FreeThe holiday fun gets started at 5 p.m. in Liberty Station before the district's 88-foot tree is switched on by a patient family of Rady Children's Hospital. Visitors can enjoy live entertainment, shopping, and outdoor viewing of "How the Grinch Stole Christmas."Surfin Santa at Seaport VillageWhere: Seaport Village; Cost: FreeSurfin' Santa makes his arrival at Seaport Village after the Thanksgiving holiday, sporting his favorite Hawaiian shirt and wet suit. Visitors can pose for free pictures with Santa on his giant surfboard under a six-foot wave. Guests can also enjoy a festive parade on the boardwalk, live street performers, and fun at Seaport's shops.SATURDAYChristmas on the PradoWhere: Balboa Park; Cost: FreeChristmas on the Prado brings tons of Christmas fun to Balboa Park's Organ Pavilion and International Cottages, including holiday kids crafts, photos with Santa, music, delicious seasonal treats, and a tree lighting.Holiday Lights on MainWhere: El Cajon; Cost: FreeDowntown El Cajon is bringing the holidays to Main St. with carnival rides, ice skating, live music, delicious food, and more during Holiday Lights on Main. Visitors can also visit with Santa in his village and check out the grand tree lighting.Julian's Country ChristmasWhere: Julian Pioneer Park; Cost: FreeKick off the holiday season in Julian with sleigh rides, gathered around an open fire, Christmas decorations, and a visit from Santa during a tree lighting ceremony.SUNDAYSoNo Fest & Chili Cook-OffWhere: North Park; Cost: -It's not a "holiday" event, but chili is best enjoyed when its cold outside! The annual cook-off features delicious chili, three stages of live music, and vendors with handmade holiday gifts.Winter Wonderland at the GrandWhere: Fairmont Grand Del Mar; Cost: Free to attend, some attractions cost moneyThe Fairmont Grand Del Mar hosts a free winter wonderland of fun, with a Ferris wheel, carousel, 25-foot tree, photos with Santa, ice skating, or lounging by a fire for some S'mores.San Diego Jazz Fest & Swing ExtravaganzaWhere: Town and Country Resort & Convention Center; Cost: -5(Thursday - Sunday) San Diego celebrates its 40th San Diego Jazz Fest over the Thanksgiving holiday, bringing amazing acts performing traditional jazz, swing, ragtime, and more to San Diego. Guests can take part in dance demonstrations, a swing extravaganza, a "pianorama" and more for jazz fans. 4226

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