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WASHINGTON, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have demonstrated for the first time that the brain is a key player in regulating glucose (sugar) metabolism in humans.The findings, published Monday in the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, suggest that drugs targeting the brain and central nervous system could be a novel approach to treating diabetes."The brain is the body's only organ that needs a constant supply of glucose to survive, so it makes sense that it would have some say over how much glucose is produced," said study leader Meredith Hawkins, professor of medicine and director of the Global Diabetes Initiative at Yeshiva University, in a statement. "This role for the brain was demonstrated in earlier studies in rodents, but there was considerable controversy over whether the results could be applied to humans. We hope this study helps to settle the matter."In an earlier study in rodents, researchers showed that activation of potassium channels in the brain's hypothalamus sends signals to the liver that dampen its production of glucose. Those findings, published in Nature in 2005, challenged the conventional thinking that blood sugar production by the liver (the body's glucose factory) is regulated only by the pancreas (which makes insulin to metabolize glucose). But carefully performed studies on dogs, conducted at Vanderbilt University, failed to replicate the results, suggesting the Einstein findings in rodents might not be relevant to higher mammals, including humans.The current study, involving people, was aimed at resolving this controversy. Ten nondiabetic subjects were given oral diazoxide, a drug that activates potassium channels in the hypothalamus. (The drug is not used to treat diabetes.) Hormone secretion by the pancreas was controlled to ensure that any change in sugar production would only have occurred through the drug's effect on the brain. After the researchers administered the drug, blood tests revealed that patients' livers were producing significantly less glucose than before.Hawkins and her team then repeated this in rats, again giving diazoxide orally, achieving similar results. They confirmed that sufficient amounts of diazoxide crossed the blood-brain barrier to affect potassium channels in the hypothalamus. Additional experiments confirmed that diazoxide was working through the brain. Specifically, the researchers were able to completely block the effects of diazoxide by infusing a specific potassium channel blocker directly into the brain."This study confirms that the brain plays a significant role in regulating glucose production by the liver," said lead author Preeti Kishore, assistant professor of medicine. "We are now investigating whether this 'brain-to-liver' pathway is impaired in people with diabetes. If so, we may be able to restore normal glucose regulation by targeting potassium channels in the brain."

JERUSALEM, Nov. 1 (Xinhua) -- Israeli researchers at Tel Aviv University developed a computer chip that could recuperate loss body movement if placed in the cerebellum, opening the doors to treatment of brain damage, researchers told Xinhua on Tuesday.The computer chip, wired to a man-made segment of a cerebellum, was attached to a rodent's skull that had lost the ability to blink. After the artificial cerebellum was implanted, the rodent was once again able to blink.The chip, connected to the rat's brain, works by reading sensory information from the body and then communicating it to the cerebellum, the area of the brain that allows movement coordination, through electrodes."The chip itself imitates a small part of the cerebellum, a very tiny part of it," said Prof. Matti Mintz of TAU's Department of Psychology."We took a small part of the cerebellum and studied it and created the computer chip that mimics the damaged area," he said.However, more complicated movements, like walking, are still at least one decade away, Mintz added."We still did not test it on humans because we need to know the area the chip will mimic before installing it, which requires extensive research. But we are now developing a chip that will do a sequence of simple movements," he pointed out.When fully developed for humans, it can be used to help patients who suffer brain genetic diseases like Parkinson, or had strokes that caused brain damage.

NEW YORK, Dec. 27 (Xinhua) -- New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced on Tuesday that babies born in the city in 2009 have the record high life expectancy of 80.6 years, an increase of nearly three years since 2000.The rate of 80.6 years is also above the U.S. national rate of 78.2 years. Life expectancy for 40-year-olds in New York increased by 2.5 years (79.5 to 82) from 2000 to 2009, outpacing the national trend of 1.2 year-increase for the same age group in the U.S. as a whole."If you have friends and relatives that you deeply care about, and they live elsewhere, on average if they move to New York City, they will live longer," said Mayor Michael Bloomberg at Lincoln Hospital in Bronx.Bloomberg contributed the life expectancy progress to the city' s health interventions, including its anti-smoking campaign and expanded testing and treatment for the HIV virus.Despite the progress, heart disease, cancer and influenza/ pneumonia continue to rank as the top three leading causes of death in New York City, followed by lung disease and diabetes.

LAS VEGAS, the United States, Jan. 12 (Xinhua) -- One of the most revolutionary changes for consumers that may come out of this year's International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) will not be the electronic devices themselves, but the way they are charged.Instead of using traditional cords to power mobile phones, kitchen appliances, and even vehicles, exhibits showcasing wireless power technologies offer a glimpse into the future of how individuals can charge their devices without a plug or cord.Fulton Innovation, who develops and licenses its eCoupled intelligent wireless technology, demonstrated how the technology could be applied across a variety of usage cases at home and at work.At CES, the company announced that it is releasing its next generation wireless power solutions that incorporate near-field resonant magnetic induction, allowing devices to charge without actually touching a charging surface.Additionally, it will allow power to transfer through metal surfaces, a property which had previously been unsafe to use as a surface conductor for power.While the products with integrated eCoupled capabilities currently in the marketplace focus predominantly on smartphone charging surfaces, in part due to the low-power demands of these devices, the company said there will be more applications using this technology expected to come to market in the near future.A large part of the added production scale on the consumer level is due to the standardization of the industry.In 2010, the Wireless Power Consortium (WPC) announced the finalization of the "Qi" standard, enabling interoperability for wireless charging between a power-providing device and electronics receiving power.Currently, the Qi standard is only applicable for the wireless transmission of power up to five watts, and the WPC is undertaking steps to expand this standard to deliver up to 120 watts of power.This standardization enables technology designers like Fulton Innovations to create underlying IP designs and technologies that work across a number of OEMs.The WPC currently has over 100 member companies, including Fulton Innovation, Nokia, Samsung, Haier, and Huawei Technologies.Fulton Innovation also expects to add its eCoupled technology to cars, giving automobile manufacturers the ability to install integrated charging platforms for mobile devices without additional wires or cords.Chinese auto makers Geely, Chery, Chang'an, and Dongfeng were the first to showcase cars at a major auto show featuring Qi standard charging stations during the April 2011 Shanghai Auto Show.The WPC estimates that there will be approximately five auto manufacturers who will release cars with Qi-enabled charging capabilities either late this year or early next year.

BEIJING, Dec. 27 (Xinhua) -- The People's Bank of China (PBOC), China's central bank, announced Tuesday that it is banning local regions, institutions or individuals from setting up gold exchanges apart from the existing Shanghai Gold Exchange and Shanghai Futures Exchange.The country also bans the establishment of any gold trading platforms in other exchanges, a statement on the PBOC website said.The statement said the country has ordered a cease to the building of any new gold exchanges or trading platforms. Those which have opened for business must cease operations.The ban came amid bigger risks in gold trading after some local regions, institutions and individuals grew enthusiastic in setting up gold exchanges and trading platforms in recent years as gold prices soared, which led to a surge of illegal practices due to inadequate management, the statement said.It added the central bank will work with the Shanghai Gold Exchange and Shanghai Futures Exchange to boost the healthy development of the country's gold trading market.

来源：资阳报