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We don’t often think of racism impacting people’s health. But Dr. Amber Johnson has made a career of studying how the two issues are intertwined.“We’re in Los Angeles at this moment. Black women are the most rent-burdened in this area, so you think about having the stresses of being in a low-class environment and having to deal with racism and cope with racism," said Dr. Johnson, a professor at California State Long Beach who focuses on racism in health care. "And a lot of times, there’s feelings of isolation and loneliness all those things contribute to early physiological wear and tear on our body. Our bodies are literally wearing down."Dr. Johnson says racism is ingrained in our health system. One reason she says implicit bias, which are attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding and our decisions, even if we don’t realize it.“These implicit biases are passed down through practice, beliefs, experimentation, all these other things that really contribute to these implicit biases that we see, that are, that become very apparent when black people present in health care fields,” she explained.But systemic racism may start before you get to the doctor's office. Some experts say it begins with access.“People of color face long-standing and persistent disparities in health and healthcare, and these span across a wide array of measures,” said Samantha Artiga, the Director of the Disparities Policy Project at the Kaiser Family Foundation. Artiga's job is to look at how people of different races, genders, and classes are treated differently within the health care system. She says disparities in health care and health outcomes start with access to care and works their way up through every imaginable facet of life.“People of color are more likely to be uninsured than white individuals. That translates into increased barriers to access and care because they’re more concerned about costs, may have less access to a provider, not have a huge source of care outside of the emergency room,” she explained.Those healthcare woes can then be tied directly to jobs because 159 million Americans of all races get health insurance through their employers.But experts say the root of the race and health care problem lies in the kinds of jobs filled mostly by Black and Brown Americans. This is because they are more likely to be working in industries that may not offer coverage to their employees, or when it is offered it may not be affordable to individualsResearch from the National Institute of Health and the Center for American Progress shows African Americans in the US are less likely to have health care coverage than white people. That may be why Black women are more likely to be overweight. Black children are more likely to have asthma. Black adults are more likely to have hypertension. Cancer kills Black people at a higher rate than any other group. Black people are more likely to be diabetic than white people. Black babies die at more than double the rates of all other races in the US, and Black women die more than three times as often during childbirth as white women.Those are just some of the disparities that exist.Over and over again while researching this story, we heard about another major healthcare issue for many people of color: a shortage of doctors, nurses, and other health care workers that look like them, sound like them and have similar life experiences.“Black physicians make up 4-5 percent of all doctors practicing nationwide, whereas, Blacks make up 13 percent of the US population,” said Dr. Leon McDougle, the president of the National Medical Association, a national group that represents Black physicians in the US. He says when he was in medical school, he didn’t have a lot of Black classmates.“I went to medical school here at the Ohio State in the mid-’80s and there weren’t many faculty doctors that looked like me, and when you saw a Black doctor, it almost became a mental image. So, that was inspiration for me to say this has to change,” said Dr. McDougle.He says in 2020 when he sees patients of color, it has an impact on them and they have an impact on him and his students.“More than half the time when I see patients, I have a medical student, and not too uncommonly, that student will be African-American or LatinX. And to just hear the patients give them, cause most of my patients are African American, and to hear them help uplift them in their pursuit of becoming a physician, I hear that all the time,” he said.So, there is hope that there will be more healthcare workers of color, but there is still a long way to go. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, over the last five years, the number of Black medical students has gone up about one percent, from 6 percent to 7 percent.Many say that's not enough.And the people working for change say the opportunity to make it happen is now.“It’s hard work to move systems and move structures and I just hope we don’t miss the opportunity that is presented at this current time, in terms of the attention, focus, and movement to do something about it,”“It’s not just for me to say I did this, but it’s for me, it’s for my mom, for my grandmother, it’s for my daughter. That’s four generations of black women that I’ve seen negatively affected by racism,” said Artiga.“It’s killing Black people. It’s killing, it’s killing us,” said Dr. Johnson. 5410

WASHINGTON (AP) — With virus numbers rising locally and nationally and the holiday travel season looming, the nation’s capital is revamping its COVID-19 travel restrictions. Starting next week, visitors coming to Washington, D.C., from a state classified as high risk will be required to take a COVID-19 test and receive a negative result within 72 hours before traveling. They will also be asked to take another test locally if they plan on staying in Washington more than three days. The new system replaces the one in place since July, which required visitors from hot spot states to quarantine for 14 days upon arrival. Washington Mayor Muriel Bowser acknowledged Thursday that the quarantine system, which was entirely voluntary, was probably being violated by many visitors. 788

WASHINGTON (AP) — The Trump administration is poised to revoke California's authority to set auto mileage standards, asserting that only the federal government has the power to regulate greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy.Conservative and free-market groups have been asked to attend a formal announcement of the rollback set for Wednesday afternoon at Environmental Protection Agency headquarters in Washington.Gloria Bergquist, spokeswoman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, said Tuesday that her group was among those invited to the event featuring EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler and Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao.The move comes after the Justice Department recently opened an antitrust investigation into a deal between California and four automakers for tougher pollution and related mileage requirements than those sought by President Donald Trump. Trump also has sought to relax Obama-era federal mileage standards nationwide, weakening a key effort by his Democratic predecessor to slow climate change.Top California officials and environmental groups pledged legal action to stop the rollback.The White House declined to comment Tuesday, referring questions to EPA. EPA's press office did not respond to a phone message and email seeking comment.But EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler told the National Automobile Dealers Association on Tuesday that the Trump administration would move "in the very near future" to take steps toward establishing one nationwide set of fuel-economy standards."We embrace federalism and the role of the states, but federalism does not mean that one state can dictate standards for the nation," he said, adding that higher fuel economy standards would hurt consumers by increasing the average sticker price of new cars and requiring automakers to produce more electric vehicles.Word of the pending announcement came as Trump traveled to California on Tuesday for an overnight trip that includes GOP fundraising events near San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego.California's authority to set its own, tougher emissions standards goes back to a waiver issued by Congress during passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970. The state has long pushed automakers to adopt more fuel-efficient passenger vehicles that emit less pollution. A dozen states and the District of Columbia also follow California's fuel economy standards.California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said Tuesday that the Trump administration's action will hurt both U.S. automakers and American families. He said California would fight the administration in federal court."You have no basis and no authority to pull this waiver," Becerra, a Democrat, said in a statement, referring to Trump. "We're ready to fight for a future that you seem unable to comprehend."California Gov. Gavin Newsom said the White House "has abdicated its responsibility to the rest of the world on cutting emissions and fighting global warming.""California won't ever wait for permission from Washington to protect the health and safety of children and families," said Newsom, a Democrat.The deal struck in July between California and four of the world's largest automakers — Ford, Honda, BMW and Volkswagen — bypassed the Trump administration's plan to freeze emissions and fuel economy standards adopted under Obama at 2021 levels.The four automakers agreed with California to reduce emissions by 3.7% per year starting with the 2022 model year, through 2026. That compares with 4.7% yearly reductions through 2025 under the Obama standards. Emissions standards are closely linked with fuel economy requirements because vehicles pollute less if they burn fewer gallons of fuel.The U.S. transportation sector is the nation's biggest single source of planet-warming greenhouse gasses.Wheeler said Tuesday: "California will be able to keep in place and enforce programs to address smog and other forms of air pollution caused by motor vehicles." But fuel economy has been one of the key regulatory tools the state has used to reduce harmful emissions.Environmentalists condemned the Trump administration's expected announcement, which comes as gasoline prices have crept higher following a weekend drone attack that hobbled Saudi Arabian oil output."Everyone wins when we adopt strong clean car standards as our public policy," said Fred Krupp, president of Environmental Defense Fund. "Strong clean car standards give us healthier air to breathe, help protect us from the urgent threat of climate change and save Americans hundreds of dollars a year in gas expenses."___Associated Press writer Adam Beam contributed to this report from Sacramento, Calif. 4666

WASHINGTON, D.C. – Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi is calling on the Republican leadership to work with Democrats to raise the dollar amount of the direct payments in the relief package after President Donald Trump threatened to sink the bill without the increase Tuesday night.Pelosi said in a letter to House Democrats on Wednesday that she will go to the floor and ask for unanimous consent to bring a standalone bill that would increase the individual payments from 0 to ,000, which Trump requested in a video released on Twitter.To do so requires the agreement of House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy and the same would also need to be done in the Senate.“If the president truly wants to join us in ,000 payments, he should call upon Leader McCarthy to agree to our unanimous consent request,” wrote Pelosi.The House is scheduled to go in for a pro forma session Thursday. If McCarthy agrees to the unanimous consent request, Pelosi tweeted, “This can be done by noon on Christmas Eve.”Mr. President, sign the bill to keep government open! Urge McConnell and McCarthy to agree with the Democratic unanimous consent request for ,000 direct payments! This can be done by noon on Christmas Eve!— Nancy Pelosi (@SpeakerPelosi) December 23, 2020 Throughout the long negotiations over the COVID-19 relief bill, Democrats advocated for higher amounts of direct payments, but Pelosi says the GOP would never go above 0 and some cases, they proposed 0.Trump’s request came as a surprise to Democrats, but they’re hoping to get the increase in funds approved as soon as possible. Along with the 0 billion in relief, the bill also includes government funding, which will need to be approved by Trump by Monday to avoid a shutdown.“The entire country knows that it is urgent for the president to sign this bill, both to provide the coronavirus relief and to keep government open,” said Pelosi.However, even if Trump does decide to veto the bill that was passed by both the House and Senate on Monday, the legislation was cleared by lopsided votes in both chambers, so Congress could override it. 2116

WASHINGTON (AP) — Several Native American leaders and organizations have sent a letter to NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell calling for the league to force Washington Redskins owner Dan Snyder to change the team name immediately.The letter obtained by The Associated Press expresses concern that the organization's process to review the name doesn't involve consultation with those Native American leaders.The letter says the groups “expect the NFL to engage in a robust, meaningful reconciliation process with Native American movement leaders, tribes, and organizations to repair the decades of emotional violence and other serious harms this racist team name has caused to Native Peoples.”The team launched a “thorough review” of the name last week, while several prominent sponsors said it's time to change it. 818