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BEIJING, Sept. 16 (Xinhua) -- After several similar criminal cases led to greatly varying punishments triggering public concerns, Chinese courts are adopting a series of measures to ensure uniform standards for sentencing criminals.On Oct. 1, two documents that instruct judges on uniform procedures for sentence measurements will be put into use in all Chinese courts, which is said to be a "major reform" for the country's legal system regarding criminal prosecution.According to the new procedures, courts should first set up a penalty baseline for a criminal case based upon basic criminal facts. Then additional punishments will be added according to the amount of money involved, the frequency of the defendants' violations, the consequences and other factors. At last, courts will adjust the results considering the case's overall nature and issue a final sentence.The move came after a series of similar drunk driving cases that led to greatly varying punishments.In July 2009, the Intermediate People's Court of Chengdu in southwestern Sichuan Province sentenced a drunk driver named Sun Weiming to death following an auto accident in which he was driving without a license and killed four people. In the second trial, the verdict was changed to life imprisonment.Sun's case was deemed as a crime against public security.However, one month later another drunk driver in central China's Henan Province only received a jail term of six years and six months for killing six and injuring seven people.That case was ruled to be a traffic accident crime."(The reform) is of significant importance for regulating judicial actions, providing uniform standards for law applications, promoting righteous and uncorrupted justice and boosting the authority and credibility of the country's courts," said Wang Shengjun, president of the Supreme People's Court (SPC), at a Thursday meeting."The Criminal Law only lays down a very wide range of sentences for certain types of crimes, and thus it is very difficult for prosecutors to give a specific sentence based on that," said SPC vice president Xiong Xuanguo in an exclusive interview with Xinhua Thursday.Xiong noted that different judges, given their different knowledge, manners and experience, will also have varied views on the same case.According to the documents, another major change is to introduce advice on sentence measurements from procuratorate organs, including the types and scopes of punishments and how to implement them.Also, courts are allowed to organize public prosecutors, parties involved, their defenders and legal representatives to offer their own advice on sentencing measurements.With the introduction of sentencing measurement advice from defenders, legal representatives and other parties involved, the new rules were expected to balance judges' considerable powers of discretion, said Professor Chen Weidong with the Renmin University of China.According to the SPC, since June last year more than 120 pilot Chinese courts have already been following the new procedures when prosecuting 45,000 criminal cases in 15 regular categories, including traffic accidents, robbery, theft, and drugs, among others.The trial practice has seen positive results as sentences among cases of similar natures and those in different regions were not as varied as before.The rate of appeals and change of sentences in second trials also dropped in these courts, according to Xiong.Meanwhile, Xiong sought to assure those concerned that the new rules would not excessively limit judges' powers as "the standards for sentence measurements, themselves, were made based on all prosecutors' discretion." < "If the measurement results are not appropriate, judges will still have the right to make certain adjustments," Xiong said, adding that local courts will also set down detailed sentence measures according to the characteristics of their regions."The reform is an inevitable process for China's criminal prosecution to transform from rough estimation to precise, scientific and canonical," Professor Chen said.

URUMQI, Sept. 5 (Xinhua) - China will upgrade an annual trade fair held in Urumqi, capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, to a leading trade platform in the heart of Eurasia and to boost cross-border economic cooperation in a region vulnerable to unrest and violence.The China Urumqi Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Fair, which closed here Sunday, will be re-launched as China-Eurasia Expo beginning next year, government organizers said, and it will become an important exchange platform for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which includes China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan."The upgrading is overall and comprehensive," said China's Minister of Commerce Chen Deming, who heads the China-Eurasia Expo Organizing Committee.He said the Expo will serve as China's platform to reach out to the entire Asia and Europe rather than just central and south Asia.People visit the 19th Urumqi Trade Fair in Urumqi, capital of northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Sept. 4, 2010. The five-day annual trade fair closed on Sunday. The Chinese government has decided to upgrade the Urumqi Trade Fair to the China-Aisa-Europe expo since 2011.Though details of the expo is not yet clear, organizers and observers said it might include talks to ink trade pacts between regional economies and will cover diplomatic and cultural issues as well.Foreign trade contracts signed at this year's fair totals 3.613 billion U.S. dollars, organizers said, while project contracts --including domestic deals--reached 126 billion yuan and cover a broad field of mining, crude oil processing, construction and tourism, among others.Xinjiang, which has a large proportion of ethnic Uygurs in its population and lies at China's far west bordering Central Asian states, including Pakistan and Afghanistan, is a region vulnerable to unrest and terrorist threats.In July 2009, 197 people were killed while 1,700 were injured in the country' s worst riots in decades in Urumqi. Authorities blamed separatists and extremists for inciting the violence.In the wake of the riot, the central government also ramped up development drives in this remote and largely underdeveloped region, aiming to root out the seeds of unrest.But the air of the city remains tense and security measures were re-enforced over the past five days during the fair. No violence or security issues were reported.Zhang Chunxian, the top official in Xinjiang, said holding the China-Eurasia Expo would help remake Xinjiang as a key region for China' s opening-up to its western neighbors.Ying Qian, an expert on regional cooperation with Manila-based Asian Development Bank, told Xinhua that the central government's policy supports for Xinjiang, such as taxation reform for crude oil and natural gas, and tax exemptions and reductions for enterprises in poverty areas, and increased fixed investment will undoubtedly increase the speed of economic growth and attract more domestic and foreign investments to Xinjiang.He said those fixed investments aimed at enhancing Xinjiang's position as the land bridge to connect rest of China to central Asia and beyond will yield most economic benefits for Xinjiang, as well as for rest of member countries of the ADB-supported Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program.The program, initiated in 1997 to encourage regional cooperation, includes Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China (focusing on Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.The ADB economist said the investments should include key transport links, trade logistics facilities, and most importantly, border crossing points improvements."The CAREC countries need to turn their landlocked status into a land link for Eurasia, and to enable businesses to more readily access regional and global markets," said Ronald Butiong, the ADB economist who heads the CAREC Unit.

BEIJING, Oct. 1 (Xinhua) -- A Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman on Friday called for concerted efforts from Japan to maintain relations between the two countries.Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu made the remarks following Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan's policy speech Friday, in which he reiterated Japan's territorial claim over the Diaoyu Islands.Ma said the Diaoyu islands and its adjacent islets have been Chinese territory since ancient times.Japan illegally detained Chinese fishermen and seized ship in waters off the Diaoyu Islands and insisted on performing a so-called domestic judicial procedure. Such moves were "absurd, illegal and invalid," Ma said.As a neighbor of Japan, China has always attached importance to developing bilateral ties with Japan, Ma said."I hope Japan will work with China to jointly maintain relations between the two countries," Ma said.In the speech at the opening of an extraordinary Diet session on Friday, Naoto Kan also said amicable ties between Japan and China were vital not only for the two nations but also for the peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region.

BEIJING, Oct. 19 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao said Tuesday that China and Russia should make joint efforts to achieve common development and combat global challenges.While meeting with Chairman of the Russian Federation Council Sergei Mironov in Beijing, Hu urged the two countries to work for the establishment of a more fair and rational international order.Mironov's visit, which ran from Oct. 17 to 19, was another high-level visit on the heels of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev's three-day state visit to China last month."China is willing to work with Russia to materialize consensuses and tasks agreed to during high-level visits," said Hu.Mironov on Monday co-chaired with China's top legislator Wu Bangguo the fourth meeting of the cooperation committee between China's National People's Congress and the Russian Federation Council, a regular parliamentary exchange mechanism for the benefit of bilateral ties.Hu said China supports the increasing exchanges between legislative bodies of the two countries, hoping the two sides could help publicize the ideas of generational friendship and reciprocal cooperation, push forward pragmatic cooperation in various fields and cooperation on adjacent regions of both countries.Hu also said the two countries should enhance coordination within multilateral mechanisms in a bid to contribute to improved China-Russia strategic partnership of coordination.Echoing Hu's remarks, Mironov said the sound development of Russia-China ties complies with the mutual interests of both countries, adding that Medvedev's successful visit, during which the two countries signed a package of deals and agreements, would have a positive impact on future bilateral cooperation.The Russian Federation Council will play its due role in facilitating bilateral cooperation in such areas as politics, trade and energy so as to make new contributions to the friendship between the two countries, Mironov said.Premier Wen Jiabao also met with Mironov later on Tuesday, and called on the two governments to fully implement consensuses reached by the two sides, inject new vitality into the two countries' modernization process and maintain world peace and stability."The profound changes of the international situation has not only offered precious opportunities but also brought forward higher request for developing China-Russia strategic partnership of coordination," Wen said. 

ROME, Oct. 7 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, who is on a four-nation tour in Europe and Asia, held talks with Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi in Rome on Thursday.The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and relations between China and Europe.Wen arrived here Wednesday night after a three-day visit to Belgium. He had visited Greece and is to visit Turkey.

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