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WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (Xinhua) -- A hormone derived from visceral fat called adiponectin may play a role as a risk factor for development of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women, according to a study published on Monday in online issue of the Archives of Neurology.Thomas van Himbergen, from Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and colleagues measured levels of glucose, insulin, and glycated albumin, as well as C reactive protein, lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2, and adiponectin in the plasma of patients at the 19th biennial examination (1985 -- 1988) of the Framingham Heart Study.The 840 patients (541 women, median age of 76 years) were followed-up for an average of 13 years and evaluated for signs of the development of AD and all-cause dementia. During that time, 159 patients developed dementia, including 125 cases of AD. After adjustment for other dementia risk factors (age, low plasma docosahexaenoic acid, weight change) only adiponectin in women was associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia and AD."It is well established that insulin signaling is dysfunctional in the brains of patients with AD, and since adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity, one would also expect beneficial actions protecting against cognitive decline," the authors write. "Our data, however, indicate that elevated adiponectin level was associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD in women."

NANJING, Dec. 20 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has called for the country to maintain confidence that it can weather challenges amid a "complicated and tough" outlook of economic development."As in 2008, we are now encountering difficulties which can be overcome through hard work," Wen said during his tour to eastern Jiangsu province on Sunday and Monday.Elaborating on the grim situation, Wen said the growth of China's exports has been slowing and the pace of the slowdown has accelerated, especially in the past three months. Meanwhile, the profit margin of the country's manufacturing industry has been squeezed and some enterprises have even fallen into the red.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (C) talks to staff members in a small loan company for rural areas in Suzhou National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone in Suzhou City, east China's Jiangsu Province, Dec. 19, 2011. Wen Jiabao made an inspection tour in Jiangsu on Dec. 18 and 19. He noted that the country is also facing shrinking external demand, rising costs and pressure from both slowing economic growth and high inflation, which makes macro-economic regulation more difficult.Despite emerging challenges, however, the current momentum of China's economic development is "generally good," Wen said.China's economic growth has been slowing all year but remains above the global average. Its GDP growth slowed to 9.1 percent in the third quarter from 9.5 percent in the second quarter and 9.7 percent in the first quarter.To tackle the challenges, Wen said the country will boost domestic demand while stabilizing external demand and keep its export policies such as export tax rebates "basically stable" in the coming year.Efforts should also be made to enhance domestic enterprises' competitiveness, promote the transfer of industry to the country's western regions, and develop the international market, especially in emerging economies, he said.He said China will stick to, and further improve upon, the opening-up policy and welcome foreign enterprises to invest in the country, adding that the country will protect intellectual property rights and implement a fair and open bidding approach in terms of government procurement.Wen also demanded efforts be made to encourage private investment in sectors such as railways, public facilities, finance, energy, education and health-care.Furthermore, he urged banks to take concrete action in better serving the real economy and asked financial institutions to enhance support for enterprises while improving management in order to control the capital bubble and prevent risks.Wen said the southern parts of Jiangsu should engage in a comprehensive development strategy to build the province into a forefront of the country's opening-up drive.

BEIJING, Nov. 30 (Xinhuanet) -- Heading football frequently may cause brain damage leading to subtle but serious declines in thinking and coordination skills, a new study suggested as quoted by media reports Wednesday.Researchers used an advanced MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) technique to analyze changes in brain white matter of 32 adult amateur soccer players who head balls 436 times a year on average.The study found players who head football quite frequently -- with 1,000 or more a year -- showed abnormalities similar to traumatic brain injuries suffered in car accidents."This is the first study to look at the effects of heading on the brain using sophisticated diffusion tensor imaging," said Dr. Michael Lipton, a leading researcher and associate director of the Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City."We found the real implication for players isn't from hitting headers once in a while, but repetitively, which can lead to degeneration of brain cells," he added.The researchers compared neurological images of study participants, whose average age was 31, and found those with the highest volume of headers had abnormalities in five areas of the brain, responsible for attention, memory, physical mobility and high-level visual functions.The findings come in the wake of mixed reports on the so-called "cognitive" consequences of frequently heading soccer balls at practice.Dr. Chris Koutures, a pediatrician and sports medicine specialist in Anaheim Hills, California, said the retrospective imaging study was fascinating, but needs more data to effectively determine safe header limits, especially for younger players.Dr. Lipton agreed neuropsychological damage from headers would be hard for a coach or physician to notice since cognitive problems develop gradually, and even players might not be aware of mild memory loss."We can't tell an individual today not to be heading a ball, but caution is a good thing," Lipton said. "We need more research for definitive answers and we have the advanced imaging tools to do it."

ALMATY, Nov. 4 (Xinhua) -- Kazakhstan's Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS said Friday that the country had 17,266 registered HIV carriers as of Oct. 1,compared with 15,908 as of Feb. 1, 2010.Of the HIV-positive people, 1,432 were diagnosed with AIDS while 1,110 people carrying the virus AIDS have died, the center said.Last year, it said, a total of 1,969 new HIV cases were reported in the country.

BEIJING, Dec. 29 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday issued a white paper on the development of space industry since 2006 and the major tasks for the next five years.The white paper titled "China's Space Activities in 2011" was the third white paper on the country's space activities issued by the State Council Information Office, following the one in 2000 and another in 2006.The Chinese government has made the space industry an important part of the nation's overall development strategy and adhered to exploration and utilization of outer space for peaceful purposes, the white paper said.Over the past few years, China has ranked among the world's leading countries in certain major areas of space technology, it said, adding that in the next five years, there will be new opportunities to the country's space industry.At the same time, China will work together with the international community to maintain a peaceful and clean outer space and endeavor to promote world peace and development, the document said.FUTURE MISSIONSMajor tasks listed in the white paper for the next five years include space transportation system, Earth satellites, human spaceflights and deep-space exploration.The country will launch the Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-10 spaceships and achieve unmanned or manned rendezvous and docking with the in-orbit Tiangong-1 vehicle, the paper said.China also plans to launch space laboratories, manned spaceship and space freighters, and will start a research on the preliminary plan for a human landing on the moon, the document said.As an important part of deep-space exploration, the country's lunar probe projects follow the idea of "three steps" -- orbiting, landing and returning.In next five years, the country plans to launch orbiters for lunar soft landing, roving and surveying to implement the second stage of lunar exploration, then it will start the third-stage project of sampling the moon's surface matters and get those samples back to Earth, the white paper said.In addition, China will build a space infrastructure frame composed of Earth observation satellites, communications and broadcasting satellites, plus navigation and positioning satellites.MAJOR PROGRESSAccording to the white paper, breakthroughs have been made in major space projects, including human spaceflight and lunar exploration, since 2006.From Sept. 25 to 28, 2008, China successfully launched the Shenzhou-7 manned spaceship and became the third country in the world to master the key technology of astronaut space extravehicular activity.In November 2011, China accomplished the first unmanned space rendezvous and docking test between the Tiangong-1 space lab module and Shenzhou-8 spaceship.In addition, the country's lunar probe projects have achieved milestone breakthroughs over the past five years. China successfully launched two lunar probes, the Chang'e-1 on Oct. 24, 2007, and Chang'e-2 on Oct. 1, 2010.The first probe retrieved a great deal of scientific data and a complete map of the moon while the second created a full higher-resolution map of the moon and a high-definition image of Sinus Iridium.

来源：资阳报