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CANBERRA, Sept. 9 (Xinhua) -- Managing other people at work triggers structural changes in the brain, protecting its memory and learning center well into old age, Australia's study revealed on Friday.Australia's University of New South Wales (UNSW) researchers have, for the first time, identified a clear link between managerial experience throughout a person's working life, and the integrity and larger size of an individual's hippocampus (the area of the brain responsible for learning and memory) at the age of 80. "We found a clear relationship between the number of employees a person may have supervised or been responsible for and the size of the hippocampus," Dr Michael Valenzuela, Leader of Regenerative Neuroscience in UNSW's School of Psychiatry, said in a statement released on Friday."This could be linked to the unique mental demands of managing people, which requires continuous problem solving, short term memory and a lot of emotional intelligence, such as the ability to put yourself in another person's shoes. Over time this could translate into the structural brain changes we observed."The findings confirmed that staying mentally active promotes brain health, potentially warding off neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.Using MRI imagery in a cohort of 75-92 year-olds, researchers found larger hippocampal volumes in those with managerial experience compared to those without. The effect was also seen in women who had taken on managerial roles in nursing or teaching, for example.The study was presented at this week's Brain Sciences UNSW symposium Brain Plasticity The Adaptable Brain, held in Australia.

TAIPEI, Sept. 11 (Xinhua) - As the full moon emerged in the remote sky, families and friends, bringing their barbecue grills, meat, seafood and vegetables, gathered under the Dazhi Bridge nearby Jilong River, one of major barbecue sites for the Mid-Autumn Festival in Taipei.Many families came to the barbecue site as early as at 3 p.m. Sunday for preparation. A Taipei citizen surnamed Wu in his sixties brought all his 30 family members to the barbecue."Every year, our family come out for barbecue only at the occasion of Mid-Autumn Festival, because the festival is for family reunion," he said.He also brought some fireworks to celebrate the traditional Chinese festival.Together with Wu's family, hundreds of people gathered under the bridge for barbecue, an unique scene in Taiwan for the Mid-Autumn festival.Mooncakes are a traditional delicacy for the Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth month on the lunar calendar, or Sept. 12 this year. The round mooncakes resemble the full moon, a symbol of family reunion in traditional Chinese culture as well as the major theme of the Mid-Autumn Festival.According to some local residents, in the 1980s several barbecue sauce companies competing for the market frequently organized fairs to promote barbecue-related products just before the Mid-Autumn festivals.Through the intensive promotion campaigns, barbecue eventually became a Mid-Autumn festival custom as important as eating mooncake in Taiwan.But mooncake and pineapple cake are still popular gifts for the traditional festival in Taiwan. Weeks ahead of the festival, the advertisements for different brands of mooncake and pineapple cake were carried on local newspapers.Between Ren'ai Road and Xinyi Road in downtown Taipei, there is a weekend flower market becoming one of the options for Taipei citizens to while off the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday.The flower market with 29-year history is in fact a parking lot during weekdays. But during the weekend, the 1.5-hectare area becomes one of the biggest flower markets in Taipei, with about 300 booths selling flowers and plants.A flower seller, surnamed Yang, said the number of buyers increased significantly on Saturday and Sunday, the first two days of the three-day Mid-Autumn Festival holiday and the sales rose by nearly 30 percent.The flower market also held an agricultural product fair on Sept. 10-12, on which tea, fruits and other agricultural products are sold.

WASHINGTON, June 6 (Xinhua) -- The tropics and much of the Northern Hemisphere are likely to experience an irreversible rise in summer temperatures within the next 20 to 60 years if atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations continue to increase, according to a new climate study by Stanford University scientists. The results will be published later this month in the journal Climatic Change.In the study, the Stanford team concluded that many tropical regions in Africa, Asia and South America could see "the permanent emergence of unprecedented summer heat" in the next two decades. Middle latitudes of Europe, China and North America -- including the United States -- are likely to undergo extreme summer temperature shifts within 60 years, the researchers found."According to our projections, large areas of the globe are likely to warm up so quickly that, by the middle of this century, even the coolest summers will be hotter than the hottest summers of the past 50 years," said the study's lead author, Noah Diffenbaugh, an assistant professor of environmental Earth system science and fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford. The study is co-authored by Stanford research assistant Martin Scherer."When scientists talk about global warming causing more heat waves, people often ask if that means that the hottest temperatures will become 'the new normal,'" Diffenbaugh said. " That got us thinking -- at what point can we expect the coolest seasonal temperatures to always be hotter than the historically highest temperatures for that season?"To determine the seasonal impact of global warming in coming decades, Diffenbaugh and Scherer analyzed more than 50 climate model experiments -- including computer simulations of the 21st century when global greenhouse gas concentrations are expected to increase, and simulations of the 20th century that accurately " predicted" the Earth's climate during the last 50 years. The analysis revealed that many parts of the planet could experience a permanent spike in seasonal temperatures within 60 years."We also analyzed historical data from weather stations around the world to see if the projected emergence of unprecedented heat had already begun," Diffenbaugh said. "It turns out that when we look back in time using temperature records, we find that this extreme heat emergence is occurring now, and that climate models represent the historical patterns remarkably well."According to both the climate model analysis and the historical weather data, the tropics are heating up the fastest. "We find that the most immediate increase in extreme seasonal heat occurs in the tropics, with up to 70 percent of seasons in the early 21st century (2010-2039) exceeding the late-20th century maximum," the authors wrote.Tropical regions may see the most dramatic changes first, but wide swaths of North America, China and Mediterranean Europe are also likely to enter into a new heat regime by 2070, according to the study.This dramatic shift in seasonal temperatures could have severe consequences for human health, agricultural production and ecosystem productivity, Diffenbaugh said. As an example, he pointed to record heat waves in Europe in 2003 that killed 40,000 people. He also cited studies showing that projected increases in summer temperatures in the Midwestern United States could reduce the harvest of staples, such as corn and soybeans, by more than 30 percent.