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WASHINGTON, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have demonstrated for the first time that the brain is a key player in regulating glucose (sugar) metabolism in humans.The findings, published Monday in the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation, suggest that drugs targeting the brain and central nervous system could be a novel approach to treating diabetes."The brain is the body's only organ that needs a constant supply of glucose to survive, so it makes sense that it would have some say over how much glucose is produced," said study leader Meredith Hawkins, professor of medicine and director of the Global Diabetes Initiative at Yeshiva University, in a statement. "This role for the brain was demonstrated in earlier studies in rodents, but there was considerable controversy over whether the results could be applied to humans. We hope this study helps to settle the matter."In an earlier study in rodents, researchers showed that activation of potassium channels in the brain's hypothalamus sends signals to the liver that dampen its production of glucose. Those findings, published in Nature in 2005, challenged the conventional thinking that blood sugar production by the liver (the body's glucose factory) is regulated only by the pancreas (which makes insulin to metabolize glucose). But carefully performed studies on dogs, conducted at Vanderbilt University, failed to replicate the results, suggesting the Einstein findings in rodents might not be relevant to higher mammals, including humans.The current study, involving people, was aimed at resolving this controversy. Ten nondiabetic subjects were given oral diazoxide, a drug that activates potassium channels in the hypothalamus. (The drug is not used to treat diabetes.) Hormone secretion by the pancreas was controlled to ensure that any change in sugar production would only have occurred through the drug's effect on the brain. After the researchers administered the drug, blood tests revealed that patients' livers were producing significantly less glucose than before.Hawkins and her team then repeated this in rats, again giving diazoxide orally, achieving similar results. They confirmed that sufficient amounts of diazoxide crossed the blood-brain barrier to affect potassium channels in the hypothalamus. Additional experiments confirmed that diazoxide was working through the brain. Specifically, the researchers were able to completely block the effects of diazoxide by infusing a specific potassium channel blocker directly into the brain."This study confirms that the brain plays a significant role in regulating glucose production by the liver," said lead author Preeti Kishore, assistant professor of medicine. "We are now investigating whether this 'brain-to-liver' pathway is impaired in people with diabetes. If so, we may be able to restore normal glucose regulation by targeting potassium channels in the brain."

BEIJING, Dec. 12 (Xinhua) -- A Foreign Ministry spokesman said on Monday that China welcomes the EU's new measures for coping with the European sovereign debt crisis worked out at the recently-concluded EU summit."We hope relevant measures can help stabilize the market, boost confidence in the market, stop the crisis from worsening, promote employment and economic growth, and push forward European integration," Foreign Ministry Spokesman Liu Weimin said at a routine press briefing.Last Friday at the summit in Brussels, EU leaders agreed on establishing a new "fiscal compact" based on inter-governmental treaties rather than the expected EU treaty changes. Britain opted out of the compact.Under the fiscal compact, member states will have to submit their draft budgetary plans to the European Commission, the EU's executive arm.As world's largest economy, the stable and healthy growth of the European Union and the Eurozone will be crucial to maintaining the momentum of recovery in the world economy, Liu said.China will maintain its support for EU integration, and continue to back the EU's efforts in combating the debt crisis in various ways, so as to jointly promote the stability of the international financial market and the recovery and growth of the world economy, he said."We are confident in Europe and the Eurozone, and believe that the EU has the ability and wisdom to resolve the sovereign debt crisis," Liu said.

NEW YORK, Oct. 14 (Xinhua) -- The iPhone 4S went on sale at Apple store on the Fifth Avenue of Manhattan in New York early Friday.An Apple store worker said people were waiting outside the store around 3 p.m. Thursday and underwent an overnight rain for an early purchase of the smart phone which started sale at 8 a.m. Friday.About 200 people were seen lining up outside the store and some of them said they would like to pay tribute to Steve Jobs, Apple's longtime CEO who died of pancreatic cancer at the age of 56 on Oct. 5."I'm a Steve's fan, iPhone 4S is the best of Steve's work. I am not going to buy iPhone 5,"Jim Bedford, who is in his 30s, said. "Maybe this is my last iPhone," he added.People left a Steve's picture, flowers and apples on the sidewalk to pay respect to Apple's co-founder. Some apples were seen inscribed such words as "Nice job" and "We will always remember you."Tom White, 50, said he had iPhone 1 and 3 and "now is the time to change a new one."The iPhone 4S is operated seven times faster than their predecessor and features an upgraded camera. Apple reported more than 1 million pre-orders for the iPhone 4S, breaking a mark set by last year's model. The phone also went on sale Friday in six other countries -- Britain,Germany,France,Australia, Canada and Japan.

SEOUL, Nov. 28 (Xinhua) -- Samsung Electronics, the world's second-largest manufacturer of mobile phones, said Monday that it launched its latest smart mobile gadget Galaxy Note in South Korea in a bid to take the lead in a new phase of the mobile phone market.The Galaxy Note, which was first introduced in September at IFA 2011, the consumer electronics fair held in Berlin, was Samsung's latest Galaxy lineup, combining the portability of a smartphone with the larger screen of a tablet computer, according to Samsung.The device ensured portability and grip with 9.65-millimeter thin, 182 grams in weight and a rounded back design, while featuring a 5.3-inch super active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display.The function of "S Pen," or a digital pen, was added to the device in a bid to enable users to draw, paint and crop images by writing on the screen, Samsung said.Featuring Android's 2.3 Gingerbread platform, the gadget was powered by a 1.5-gigahertz dual core processor supplemented with fourth generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE) network service."Galaxy Note is a revolutionary product opening a new category in the market. It will deliver a whole new mobile experience beyond feature phones, smartphones and tablet devices," said Shin Jong-kyun, president and head of Samsung's mobile communications business.In addition, Samsung launched Galaxy Nexus, the world's first smartphone running Android's 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. The latest Android operating system (OS) combined the benefits of smartphones and tablet computers, according to Samsung.The smartphone, which was first introduced in Hong Kong last month, offered quicker multi-tasking and faster web browsing than previous models, while the near-field communication (NFC) function allowed users to easily share contents with other users by tapping their devices together, Samsung said.With the updated Ice Cream Sandwich, the Galaxy Nexus offered facial recognition technology, which unlocks the phone by identifying the user's face.