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WASHINGTON, Aug. 10 (Xinhua) -- After a journey of almost three years, NASA's Mars rover Opportunity has reached the Red Planet's Endeavour crater to study rocks never seen before, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced on Wednesday.Scientists hope it will find rocks and terrain much older than any other that the itinerant robot has examined during its seven years on the red planet.The U.S. space agency said that Opportunity arrived at the rim of Endeavour on Tuesday. The golf cart-size rover is expected to remain at the 22-kilometer-wide crater for the next few years.A portion of the west rim of Endeavour crater sweeps southward in this color view from NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity."NASA is continuing to write remarkable chapters in our nation' s story of exploration with discoveries on Mars and trips to an array of challenging new destinations," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. "Opportunity's findings and data ... will play a key role in making possible future human missions to Mars and other places where humans have not yet been."NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which has been circling the planet since late 2005, detected clay minerals that form in wet conditions in the crater. Scientists want to find out if the minerals date back to Mars' distant past, when the planet is believed to have been wetter and warmer than the dry frozen desert it is today."We're soon going to get the opportunity to sample a rock type the rovers haven't seen yet," said Matthew Golombek, Mars Exploration Rover science team member, at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "Clay minerals form in wet conditions so we may learn about a potentially habitable environment that appears to have been very different from those responsible for the rocks comprising the plains."NASA is searching for signs that Mars had a habitable environment billions of years ago. Knowledge of the Martian climate will be important to future manned missions there, and can shed light on the forces that shaped Earth's climate.NASA launched the Mars rovers Opportunity and Spirit in 2003 for what were planned to be three-month missions. But both continued operating well beyond that. Spirit stopped communicating in March 2010.

BEIJING, June 27 (Xinhuanet) -- A lost tribe has been spotted in the Amazon rainforests of Brazil, according to the media report Monday.The discovery was confirmed by National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) of Brazil, a government body overseeing indigenous peoples.The tribe was initially found through satellite images earlier this year and later confirmed by the observers in aerial fight over the area.There are approximately 200 members in this isolate community who share three straw-roofed buildings and make their living from growing corns, bananas and other crops.FUNAI does not contact with the new-found tribe or give its exact location in order to protect its life from being disturbed."Among the main threats to the well-being of these groups are illegal fishing, hunting, logging, mining, cattle ranching and drug trafficking," FUNAI coordinator Fabricio Amorim warned."The work of identifying and protecting isolated groups is part of Brazilian public policy," he said, and "to confirm something like this takes years of methodical work."

WASHINGTON, Sept. 14 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. space agency NASA unveiled plans on Wednesday for a deep space rocket to carry astronauts to the moon, Mars and other destinations beyond the International Space Station.The Space Launch System, or SLS, will be designed to carry the Orion Multipurpose Crew Vehicle, as well as important cargo, equipment and science experiments to Earth's orbit and destinations beyond. Additionally, the SLS will serve as a backup for commercial and international partner transportation services to the International Space Station."This launch system will create good-paying American jobs, ensure continued U.S. leadership in space, and inspire millions around the world," NASA Administrator Charles Bolden said in a statement. "President Obama challenged us to be bold and dream big, and that's exactly what we are doing at NASA. While I was proud to fly on the space shuttle, kids today can now dream of one day walking on Mars."The SLS rocket will incorporate technological investments from the Space Shuttle program and the Constellation program in order to take advantage of proven hardware and cutting-edge tooling and manufacturing technology that will significantly reduce development and operations costs.The first developmental flight, or mission, is targeted for the end of 2017, according to NASA.

UNITED NATIONS, June 9 (Xinhua) -- Partners from UN agencies and governments, as well as civil society and the private sector gathered here Thursday to launch "Countdown to Zero: Global plan towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive.""Governments and foundations that support this plan are saying: we treasure all life equally," said UN Secretary-General Ban Ki- moon, who spoke at the event. "We give all people the best possible chance. We provide health care to all who need it."This new plan, which was formulated by a Global Task Team of more than 30 governments and 50 international and national organizations, aims to bring the number of new HIV infections in children to zero by the middle of the decade and help their mothers survive.The launch of Countdown to Zero came on the sidelines of the UN High-Level Meeting on AIDS, which runs from June 8-10, and has been an opportunity for participants to take stock of gains made in combating the disease and to agree on a declaration that will direct the actions of member states to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS over the next five years.Ban told the audience at the launch that history has proven that it is possible to make great strides in fighting HIV/AIDS, with the right amount of effort and coordination."Let us not forget that some regions have nearly achieved no new infections from mother to child," he said. "If we push hard, as we have committed today, with your continued help and with the will to do what is right for the world, we can spread this success to mothers everywhere."According to the Joint UN Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the rate of HIV/AIDS transmission from mother to child was been reduced by 26 percent from 2001 to 2009.Former U.S. President Bill Clinton, who spoke at the launch, said that he believes the time to eliminate HIV/AIDS in children is at hand."We are here because we all recognize that the time has finally come to end pediatric AIDS worldwide and we believe we can do it," he said. "We know we have the capacity to produce the medicine, we know that."Clinton emphasized the fact that HIV/AIDS is often prevalent in less developed countries. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region that has the most HIV/AIDS infected people."There are still too many kids who are born HIV-positive," he said. "Just 22 countries account for 90 percent of those pediatric infections."He said that there are not only moral reasons for wealthier countries to help these nations by investing in their HIV/AIDS responses, but that by doing so they increase their soft power -- influence that utilizes non-coercive measures."I think its important in a world where no one wants to look weak and the military justifiably has a claim on all of our budgets, we not forget that what my secretary-of-state often refers to as soft power issues, they have a bigger impact on our long term security," Clinton said. "I think that accounts in no small measure for the presence of leaders of global corporations here at this meeting today, they know this as well."Collaboration and close coordination of responses to HIV/AIDS, Clinton said, is also essential."There are still too many places where HIV and maternal and child health groups work completely separately," he said. "That dramatically reduces the likelihood that mothers are their babies will receive the full range of care. We simply have to all work together, both within governments and all of those who are trying to help to ensure that mothers get the drugs they should and that their babies are born without the virus."Clinton said that Goodluck Jonathan, president of Nigeria, who gave a statement at the launch as well, is an excellent example of the "strong political leadership and personal commitment" necessary to defeat HIV/AIDS and reach to goals set by the Countdown to Zero plan.In his speech, Jonathan said that Africa is has banded together through the Abuja Declaration, adopted in 2001, which turned attention and resources towards public health problems on the continent, particularly HIV/AIDS."That declaration was to make African countries spend at least 15 percent of their budget on their health sector and a reasonable percentage of this would be geared towards HIV prevention and control," he said.Budgeting shortfalls for fighting HIV/AIDS in Africa must be accounted for, Jonathan said, as African countries must not rely solely on donors to fund their responses."I intend to explore in the coming months in collaboration with colleagues in sub-Saharan Africa an effective and creative funding mechanism to ensure ownership and long terms sustainability of the HIV and AIDS response in Africa," he said.

WASHINGTON, June 20 (Xinhua) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Monday unveiled in a report a new strategy to meet the challenges posed by rapidly rising imports of FDA- regulated products and a complex global supply chain.The report, titled "Pathway to Global Product Safety and Quality," calls on the agency to transform the way it conducts business and to act globally in order to promote and protect the health of U.S. consumers.According to the report, the FDA will partner with its counterparts worldwide to create global coalitions of regulators focused on ensuring and improving global product safety and quality. The coalitions of regulators will develop international data information systems and networks, and increase the regular and proactive sharing of data and regulatory resources across world markets.The FDA will build in additional information gathering and analysis capabilities with an increased focus on risk analytics and information technology. It increasingly will leverage the efforts of public and private third parties and industry and allocate FDA resources based on risk."FDA regulated imports have quadrupled since 2000. The FDA and our global regulatory partners recognize this new reality and realize we must work proactively and collaboratively to address the challenges we face," FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg said in a statement. "The FDA must further collaborate and leverage in order to close the gap between our import levels and our regulatory resources. This report is an important step in ensuring we are able to fulfill our critical public health mission."

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