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As states across the country grapple with an increase in coronavirus cases and a huge demand for tests, many businesses are looking for other ways to get more mileage out of their supply chain.Like with anything else, supply and demand is a constant struggle. In this unprecedented era, the demand for things like coronavirus tests is so large that public health departments don't have a choice but to figure out ways to make our supplies last. Several states are examining pooled testing. California's Public Health Department says it's to "better leverage testing resources."Pooling is something that blood banks have used for decades to keep their blood supply safe. Dr. Claudia Cohn is the Chief Medical Officer of the AABB, formerly known as the American Association of Blood Banks.“If you have 100 people that need to be tested and if you test each of them, you’ll do 100 tests. If you find that your test is sensitive enough that you can pool together 20 samples at the same time, instead of having 100 tests, you can have five pools of 20,” Dr. Cohn said.Now, if one of those five pools is positive, then Dr. Cohn says, "You’ll need to break it out and test each of those separately. So, let’s say you have one positive person in a pool of 100 people, you either do 100 tests and find one positive or you do five pools of 20, four of those pools will be negative, so you’ve done 4 pools and covered 80 people."The test works by taking a tiny sample from each person who was tested.“When you take a swab from everyone’s nose, you isolate the DNA from that swab,” Dr. Cohn said about the PCR test, which is generally a nose swab. “It’s not a lot, it’s a small amount but it’s enough. Because these tests are very, very sensitive.”Those tests are so sensitive, and they have to be, that pooling can really only work if the test can handle, as in detect, multiple samples at once. The FDA mandates that.“The FDA is quite demanding as they should be in terms of making sure tests work well and are safe,” Dr. Cohn said.And Dr. Cohn says, pooling wouldn't work in an area where there's a large outbreak, which means a large number of people would test positive regardless of pooling. In the blood world, this strategy has been perfected.“You are taking 100 samples and taking a drop from each sample and putting it together,” Dr. Cohn said. “You are testing every single person who comes through. In the blood world safety is before everything."Blood banks test for HIV, Hepatitis C and B and well as COVID-19 antibodies, according to the American Red Cross. And, as this pandemic moves through our communities, Dr. Cohn says our blood supply needs to remain strong.“After that initial spike, it went down again and that was okay because elective surgery had been canceled, so the demand for blood had gone down as well so for a while we were at a good balance of demand and supply. But then elective surgeries opened up and hospitals went back to full service and we’re in a shortage again,” Dr. Cohn said. 3017

AURORA, Colo. — Amid renewed calls for justice, Colorado Gov. Jared Polis announced Wednesday that he is looking into what his office can do to respond to the death of Elijah McClain, a 23-year-old Black man who died following an interaction with Aurora police last August.“I am hearing from many Coloradans who have expressed concerns with the investigation of Elijah McClain’s death. As a result, I have instructed my legal council [sic] to examine what the state can do and we are assessing next steps,” Polis said in a tweet Wednesday afternoon.Over the past couple of weeks, interest in the case has grown both locally and nationally. People from Colorado State Rep. Leslie Herod to U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Warren, Ellen Degeneres and Martin Luther King Jr.’s daughter, Bernice King, have made calls for justice in the case and a renewed investigation into what happened that night and if officers should face punishment. A Change.org petition calling for justice has been signed more than 2.3 million times as of Wednesday afternoon.At the same time, pressure from the Aurora City Council to complete a search for a new independent investigator into McClain’s death by next month is mounting.A letter from Council Member Curtis Gardner to Aurora’s City Manager Jim Twombly urged Twombly to have the recommendations for a new third-party investigator ready to present by July 16, the date of Aurora’s Public Safety Policy Committee’s next meeting.As @AuroraGov's Public Safety policy committee, we sent the following letter to the City Manager requesting his recommendations for individuals to complete the independent investigation into the death of #ElijahMcClain at our July 16 meeting.@AllisonHiltz @LawsonForAurora pic.twitter.com/10ri9YoLn3— Curtis Gardner (@CurtisForAurora) June 24, 2020 Mayor Mike Coffman on Wednesday afternoon called for a special City Council meeting on July 6 to vote on whether or not to authorize an independent investigation in the case, with a second vote on who will conduct the investigation. The call came after the letter from the Public Safety, Court, and Civil Service Policy Committee. A release from the city said that the committee will bring the proposal forward to the full council at the July 6 meeting."We need to bring closure to this tragic incident by making sure every aspect of it is thoroughly investigated," Coffman said in a statement."Trust is already eroded—delaying action will only cause further strain in our community," said Allison Hiltz, the chair of the Public Safety, Court, and Civil Service Policy Committee.The independent investigation has been fraught with controversy since many council members felt the original outside probe, led by a Connecticut-based attorney with ties to law enforcement, was not independent enough. That contract was terminated June 10 and Mayor Mike Coffman said in a tweet that “another individual will be selected by the Mayor and the City Council.”Calls for an independent and external review in McClain’s August 2019 death have been ongoing since it happened, and the officers involved in his death did not face criminal charges and were found not to have violated department policies. The city has since changed department policies directly in the wake of McClain's death after calls for further investigation.McClain suffered a heart attack on the way to a hospital after the Aug. 24 incident, which happened in the 1900 block of Billings Street. Officers had responded to a call about a suspicious man wearing a ski mask and waving his arms. When they arrived, they contacted McClain, who they claimed resisted when the officers tried to detain him, police said.A struggle ensued, and a responding officer requested that a paramedic give McClain a dose of ketamine "due to the level of physical force applied while restraining the subject and his agitated mental state," officials said.But in the department's review of the incident earlier this year, the board found that the officers "had a lawful reason to contact Mr. McClain."The board also found that the force applied by officers — which included a carotid control hold — during the incident was "within policy and consistent with training."The carotid hold has since been banned by the department.The Adams County Coroner conducted the autopsy on McClain and ruled that the manner of his death was "undetermined," saying it could not determine whether his death was an accident, due to natural causes or a homicide.District Attorney Dave Young said Wednesday his office received more than 1,700 voicemails on Tuesday alone about the McClain case.He says he has to make a decision based on evidence and that a jury would find compelling beyond a reasonable doubt.“Understand that my role is limited to determine whether or not a criminal violation occurred. I am not indicating that the actions of the police department were appropriate. That's the role of the Aurora Police Department,” Young said.KMGH confirmed Wednesday the officers involved are all still currently employed by the Aurora Police Department.Young says the attacks have gotten personal and are overwhelming his office from doing their job of serving victims of crime.He encourages those sending emails to read his decision. Young said if new evidence comes to light in the case, he would reconsider.“The emails, the voicemails, the attacks on Facebook — not only to me, but my family — is not evidence that can be used in a court,” Young said.KMGH's Robert Garrison, Jessica Porter and Blair Miller contributed to this report. 5563

At least three people died and 67 were injured after a tanker truck exploded on a highway in Bologna, Italy, a spokesman for Italian state police told CNN.Marco Granna, a spokesman for the local health agency in Bologna, told CNN that 55 people were taken to the hospital for treatment of first-, second- and third-degree burns.At least two of the injured are police officers, the Italian highway patrol told CNN.Footage of the incident showed an enormous fireball and plumes of thick, black smoke in the sky .The explosion ripped through the pavement, leaving huge holes in the road surface.According to police, the incident took place at Bologna Casalecchio and the junction with the A14 route from Bologna to Taranto.  734

As millions of Americans have suddenly found themselves out of work due to the economic fallout from the novel coronavirus, many are also losing their health and dental insurance, creating what some doctors are calling a public health crisis.At Interfaith Dental in Nashville, Tennessee, patients Anna Eubanks waits patiently to have a new set of dentures fitted. The 68-year-old woman is one of an estimated 37 million people in the United States who does not have dental insurance."You think about it a lot, and just hope nothing ever goes wrong," she said while sitting in an exam chair with her mask on.Without insurance, a routine trip to the dentist would likely cost Eubanks hundreds of dollars, which is money she doesn't have. That is why she and her husband have turned to this non-profit dental clinic for help.Dr. Rhonda Switzer-Nadasi oversees Interfaith Dental, which is largely made up of dentists who volunteer their time so that people like Eubanks can get dental care at little or no cost. It’s a need more critical now than ever."There’s new groups of people that they were making it before and were right on that edge and are now struggling," Dr. Switzer-Nadasi explained.Since February, an estimated 12 million Americans have lost their healthcare coverage. Most lost their insurance when they lost their job.But the number of people without dental coverage is typically four or five times higher than the number of people without health insurance. This clinic that typically sees about 3,000 patients a year has seen call volume increase 20 percent."We are seeing a big increased need where people are suffering from job loss, where they may have had three jobs and they’re now down to one, or one down to none," she added.Nationwide, there's also a backlog for dental care. In this office alone, they were canceling 1,000 appointments a month during the shutdown. It’s something that worries Dr. Switzer-Nadasi during COVID-19, since most dentists are also checking a patient’s overall health. She's also seeing more patients put off emergency dental care because they're worried about cost."People that come see us don’t just need a check-up and cleaning,” she explained. “Most of the time, they’ve reached the end of their rope and what they need is critical.”But for now, this clinic and others like it across the country are doing their best to help whoever they can and preserve as many smiles as possible. 2442

As scientists learn more about COVID-19, they are realizing that how people react to the virus could be based on the body's response to viruses like common colds.Meharry Medical College President Dr. James Hildreth says some studies are showing some individuals have T-cell responses to COVID-19 even though they never been exposed to it.He is talking about recent research revealing that some people may have immunity defenders called T-cells which could determine how their body reacts to COVID-19.According to the CDC, when the body fights an infection, the immune system remembers what it learned about how to protect the body against that disease.The body will retain a few specific T-cells known as memory cells - that will alert and help the immune system identify and produce antibodies to attack the foreign germ if it enters the body again."Viruses that look alike can sometimes elicit the same kinds of immune responses," said Hildreth.Hildreth says there are six strains of coronavirus that affect humans going back to the 1960s and some result in seasonal common colds.He says if you were infected with one of these viruses in the past it can determine the severity of the toll COVID-19 would take on your body now."There’s the possibility that a response to one of them gives you a partial to another because they have genetic similarities," said Hildreth.Hildreth says this doesn't mean a person has complete immunity to COVID-19."There’s strong evidence that you may not be immune to the virus, but you’ll have an immune response that recognizes SARS partially just because those two viruses look so much alike."Hildreth says this can help with treatments and even vaccinesThis story was originally reported by Kelsey Gibbs at WTVF. 1756

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