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There's a renewed push to reform qualified immunity, a legal doctrine that protects police officers, along with some others, from civil lawsuits.In Congress, Sen. Justin Amash of Michigan proposed a bill to eliminate qualified immunity entirely. It has bipartisan support.Understanding why qualified immunity was established could help inform a vision for the future.Imagine a scenario where you're walking down the street and someone clearly violates your rights. The rule of law says they should be held accountable and you'd expect that they would. But can the same be said about police officers who violate a person’s rights?Qualified immunity protects public employees, like police officers, from being held personally liable for knowingly violating someone else’s rights, as long as the officer didn’t break any “clearly-established” laws in the process.Critics argue qualified immunity tilts the scales of justice and makes it hard to hold officers accountable for crimes they admit to committing.The legal path that led to qualified immunity started with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1871. Congress declared that every American has the right to sue any public employees who violate their rights.Then, in the late 1960s, a Supreme Court ruling would start morphing the concept into what we know today.It was 1967 when the court granted exceptions to police officers accused of violating rights if they acted in good faith and believed their actions were within the law. Another ruling, in 1982, shifted the burden entirely to the citizen, requiring they prove the officer’s actions broke a “clearly-established” right.That means presenting a case where the Supreme Court found an official guilty of the same “particular conduct” under the same “specific context” as is being alleged. Without it, the officer is protected from liability.The Supreme Court granted one exception for a particularly cruel case in 2002.In June 2020, the Court declined to take up a petition asking it to re-examine qualified immunity. The order was unsigned, and Justice Clarence Thomas was the only one to write a dissent.He wrote the “qualified immunity doctrine appears to stray from the statutory text.”Justice Thomas and Justice Sonia Sotomayor have urged the court to take up the doctrine multiple times in the past. In 2018, Justice Ruth Bader-Ginsburg joined in a dissent authored by Justice Sotomayor. It said that the way the Court previously ruled on qualified immunity had established “an absolute shield for law enforcement officers.” 2550

There's a new push to acknowledge the greater impact of racism on health.Three Democratic lawmakers created the Anti-Racism and Public Health Act, which would create two new programs within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).One is a National Center for Anti-Racism to research health disparities and develop policies to close the divide. The other is a new program within the CDC’s Center for Injury Prevention and Control that would be focused on preventing law enforcement violence.The bill also calls on the federal government to declare racism a public health crisis. Meanwhile, many state and local governments have already done that.The American Public Health Association says federal action would identify racism as an issue of national importance.“I think the goal is to get us to take our heads of the sand and not be afraid to call racism for what it is,” said Dr. Georges Benjamin, Executive Director at the American Public Health Association.Benjamin says the pandemic has shown the extent of racism as a health issue, pointing to matters that prevent people of color from getting tested and the apprehension Black men face when it comes to putting on a mask, because it can be seen as threatening.He says the stress can raise blood pressure and cause health issues.“If you actually go in and understand their life experiences, they have higher degrees of stress,” said Benjamin. “Stress, it changes a whole range of bodily hormones that have negative impacts on the body.”The American Public Health Association declared systemic racism a public health crisis in June, shortly after George Floyd’s death.A U.S. Senate version of the bill has been referred to committee. 1708

Tis’ the season to light up the night.In a downtown Denver high-rise apartment building, people are letting their Christmas spirit shine by decorating their balconies.“At least we can light it up and make people smile,” said resident Kim Dozier.Out West in Southern California, an Orange County neighborhood is celebrating the holidays by covering their houses and stringing lights across their street.“We see kids and families coming out here every night,” said homeowner Bruce Barfell.Across the country in New Jersey, the holiday spirit glows as people cover their houses with festive décor.And in San Antonio, Texas, there’s a battle to see who’s the biggest and brightest.These are some of the competitive Christmas lighting celebrations happening during this holiday season.“It’s a light beaming from all of us,” Dozier said of her building’s competition, adding it’s bringing some much-needed light to what’s been a dark 2020 for some.“It’s about showing the world we’re still alive,” she said. “Just because we have this insane time to stay at home and we’re going to have fun no matter what.”From the Mile High City to the California coast, spreading holiday cheer has been a bit more challenging during the COVID-19 crisis.“This year, unlike other years, it’s harder to kind of fill that Christmas spirit,” said Matt Eyre of Laguna Niguel.He and neighbor Barfell are looking to help people temporarily escape the pandemic through dazzling displays of lights.Though Barfell is looking to capture his neighborhood’s Christmas lighting competition for the tenth year in a row, he says whether win or lose, naughty or nice, it’s good to see little holiday magic.“We just do it for the enjoyment we get and also for what, you know, what people tell us when we’re outside,” Barfell said. “How much they appreciate this.”Spreading Christmas cheer through some friendly competition.“Competitive Christmas e lights is just another way to shine the love around everywhere,” Dozier said. “We’ve been held down for so many reasons for so long. So, Christmas, just lets you know just let it shine.” 2103

There is nothing like the sound of a baby's cry and for a new mom like Whitney Eberhardt, it can be daunting.“When you first come home from the hospital you have no idea what you are doing and when they are crying you sometimes have no idea why. So, it’s nice to have something to help you out,” said Eberhardt.On average, doctors say a newborn can cry a total of 2 hours a day, and that’s why Dr. Ariana Anderson of UCLA created the app, Chatter Baby.“I thought it would be good to make a device that would help new parents and possibly deaf parents. So, when they were around their baby crying and said, why is my baby crying they would have some sort of answer,” said Dr. Anderson.Chatter Baby is in its infancy stage and currently only gives three reasons for your baby crying. The three reasons are when a baby's in pain, fussy or hungry.Eberhardt tried out the app and said it is easy to use. You press record for five seconds as your baby is crying and the app will then compare the cry to the sounds in a database to determine a reason. The Chatter Baby database of cries was created with the help of new parents.“We think the best judges of the baby are parents themselves. We had the parent initially label the cry. So a mother would say, my baby is hungry, so if two other mothers agreed with that description of the babies cry then we would include that cry in our data base,” said Dr. Anderson.Certain cries have a different acoustic sound. For example, babies who are in pain might have a cry with high energy or a fussy cry may have more periods of silence.“Once we had an agreement amongst the mothers we trained artificial intelligence algorithms to look for patterns in the cry that were specific to hunger to pain to fussiness,” said Dr. Anderson.With the help of artificial intelligence, Chatter Baby’s algorithm claims 90% accuracy whether your baby is crying or not and correctly flags more than 90% of pain cries.However, as you get more comfortable knowing why your baby is crying, you can tweak the app yourself to make it more accurate.“We want to have a way for parents to revise, update and improve the algorithym.so the algorithm gets returned to their specific baby,” said Dr. Anderson.Eberhardt said the app is a great safety net for all new parents.  2315

This weekend marks the official astronomical beginning of summer, and it will also feature a solar eclipse creating a rare “ring of fire”. Set your alarm and watch this unique event online.Around 2:30 a.m. EDT on Sunday, the moon will pass between the Earth and the Sun, causing an annular solar eclipse to be seen from parts of Africa, southern Europe and Asia.Given the orbital position of the Moon and Earth right now, the eclipse at its peak will show a bright ring of light around the moon, which some call a “ring of fire”. The Latin word “annulus” means ring, this is why it is called an annular solar eclipse when there is a ring of sunlight around the moon.The best viewing for this astronomical event will be along a narrow strip from Africa through India to the Pacific Ocean. Here's an animation from NASA of what it will be like. There are ways to watch from the comfort of your own home. Watch the eclipse live here, on the Virtual Telescope Project, or from NASA’s YouTube channel.If you sleep through this one, the next eclipse will be a total solar eclipse later this year on December 14. 1113