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WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have discovered two genes in which variation affects intake of caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, according to a report described Wednesday in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics.A team of investigators from the National Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill examined genetic variation across the entire genome of more than 47,000 individuals from the U.S.They found the genes -- CYP1A2, which has previously been implicated in the metabolism of caffeine, and AHR, involved in the regulation of CYP1A2, played roles in regulating intake of caffeine. Individuals with the highest-consumption genotype for either gene consumed 40 mg more caffeine than those with the lowest-consumption genotype, equivalent to the amount of one-third cup of caffeinated coffee, or one can of cola.Caffeine is implicated in numerous physiological and medical conditions; it affects sleep patterns, energy levels, mood, and mental and physical performance. The identification of genes that have an impact on daily consumption offers opportunities to better understand these conditions. Further exploration of the identified genetic variants may provide insight into the speed of caffeine metabolism, how long caffeine circulates in the blood, or how strong the physiological effects of consuming a given amount of caffeine are.

WASHINGTON, March 30 (Xinhua) -- A trace amount of radioactive iodine has been found in a sample of milk from the west state of Washington, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said Wednesday.According to a joint statement from the two agencies, results from a screening sample taken March 25 from Washington detected 0.8 pCi/L of iodine-131, which is more than 5,000 times lower than the Derived Intervention Level set by the FDA.These types of findings are to be expected in the coming days and are far below levels of public health concern, including for infants and children, the statement said.Iodine-131 has a very short half-life of approximately eight days, and the level detected in milk and milk products is therefore expected to drop relatively quickly."Radiation is all around us in our daily lives, and these findings are a minuscule amount compared to what people experience every day. For example, a person would be exposed to low levels of radiation on a round trip cross country flight, watching television, and even from construction materials," said Patricia Hansen, an FDA senior scientist.

BEIJING, March 17 (Xinhuanet) -- A new study has shown that gene therapy can reduce symptoms in patients with Parkinson's, media reports said Thursday.The study, published in the journal Lancet Neurology, is the first to show positive results in a test of gene therapy against a sham operation in 45 U.S. Parkinson's patients.The treated group showed a 23.1 percent improvement on a scale of Parkinson's symptoms six months after treatment, compared to a 12.7 percent improvement for patients who received sham surgery, according to the published research."Gene therapy is no longer just a theory," said Michael Kaplitt, a neurosurgeon at New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical Center, and one of the study authors. "We are getting much closer to a reality where this treatment can be offered to patients."In patients with Parkinson's disease, their brains get overactive after losing the normal supply of a chemical called GABA. The new treatment, gene therapy, works by inserting billions of copies of a gene into patients' brains that helps them produce more GABA.Kaplitt said the results might spur similar treatments for other brain disorders like Alzheimer's, epilepsy and depression.

HEFEI, Feb. 2 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has visited farmers and workers in Dabieshan Mountain area, an old revolutionary base in east China's Anhui Province, to extend new year greetings ahead of the Spring Festival, which falls on Thursday.On Tuesday, Wen went to the area's Jinzhai County, once an important Red Army revolutionary base, to learn about the local economic and social development situation.He visited Zhaoyuan Village and called in on farmer Zhao Mengqi. Wen chatted with Zhao, asking about his family's income and their preparations for the lunar new year.Zhao works as a migrant worker in Wujiang City, an economically-developed part of Jiangsu Province. His son and daughter-in-law work in Shanghai. They returned home on the eve of the Spring Festival."With the income we earn working in cities and what we earn growing crops, our family income has increased and we have rebuilt and renovated our house," Zhao told Premier Wen. A paved road now allows buses to reach the village, Zhao added.Wen said, "Only when the people living in old revolutionary bases live better lives can we feel relieved."At farmer Zhao Kongying's home, Wen joined the family in making "yuanzi," a glutinous rice ball traditionally eaten during the Spring Festival.Wen later went to Hetang Village. There he visited villager Yu Shuhua's home and urged the local government to provide more help to needy people to ensure they have a happy lunar new year.At dinner time, he went to villager Zhang Jiasheng's home, joining the family to prepare dinner. He wore an apron and made a soup for the family.During the dinner, Zhang told Wen the village is rich with chestnuts, tea and traditional Chinese medicine, adding that tourism is also a source of income for the village.Wen said help and support for the old revolutionary base should be boosted, so that local people can lead happier lives.Wen also extended new year greetings to workers at the Meishan hydropower station in Jinzhai County.At retired worker Wan Benrong's home, Wen asked about the family's living conditions and their preparations for the lunar new year.After being told the couple received an extra 140 yuan each of monthly pension this year, Wen said the government has increased the basic pension for retired workers seven times since 2005."Our objective is to make you feel secure," Wen said.

BEIJING, Feb. 15 (Xinhua) -- A senior Chinese mainland official has said the government will work with Taiwan to enhance cross-Strait economic exchanges and cooperation.The mainland would this year focus on fulfilling the cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) and conducting follow-up negotiations on the pact, which took effect in September last year, Xu Mang, director of the economy bureau of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council, told Xinhua in an interview.Top of the follow-up agenda was cross-Strait investment protection. The mainland hoped to reach a mutually beneficial agreement on the issue with Taiwan at an early date, with concerns of both sides respected, Xu said.Xu said the two sides should adhere to the principle of balance in negotiations, aiming for effective protection, fewer restrictions and more convenience for cross-Strait investment.Mainland and Taiwan negotiators agreed in December last year to continue discussing the investment protection agreement at the seventh round of talks scheduled for this year.The mainland would also continue this year to encourage investment in Taiwan, address Taiwan enterprises' concerns over economic transformation and development, and promote cross-Strait cooperation in finance, modern services and agriculture, Xu said.The first step in implementing the ECFA, the "early harvest program," took effect on Jan. 1, when the mainland reduced tariffs on 539 Taiwanese items, or 16 percent of imports from Taiwan, while Taiwan cut duties on 267 mainland items, 10 percent of imports from the mainland.Within two years, the duties on those products will be reduced to zero.Xu said the implementation of the early harvest program would boost trade links across the Strait.As the products receiving tariff reductions covered industries including agriculture, petrochemicals, machinery, textiles and transport, Taiwan businesses on the mainland would benefit from lower purchase costs on Taiwan raw materials, Xu said.Taiwan's small and medium-sized enterprises and low-income groups would especially benefit from the tariff reductions on exports of 18 agricultural products to the mainland, Xu said.Statistics from Taiwan showed that driven by the tariff reduction, the island's small and medium-sized enterprise export trade volume to the mainland would increase to 18 billion U.S. dollars per year."The tariff reduction policy will benefit more Taiwan compatriots," Xu said.Cross-Strait trade volume totaled 145.37 billion U.S. dollars last year, a rise of 36.9 percent year on year. The figure included 115.69 billion U.S. dollars of Taiwan exports to the mainland, up 20.2 percent.