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The race for a COVID-19 vaccine appears to be on the horizon. But without large numbers of Americans getting the vaccine, the notion of herd immunity could be a challenge. Some are pondering whether people should be required to get a vaccine.Coronavirus cases are spiking across most of the country. Hospital ICU beds are becoming scarce, and a number of states are warning of potential lockdowns.“If they don’t start to bend this curve, then it is clear that we’re going to have to take more difficult measures and go to a stay-at-home order,” said Illinois Governor JB Pritzker.But there was some good news this week. Pfizer concluded phase three of its vaccine study. The two-shot course they say is 95 percent effective against COVID-19. Earlier in the week, Moderna said its vaccine is 94.5 percent effective.“Based upon the preliminary data that is out there, these vaccines appear to be quite safe and very, very effective at preventing COVID,” said Dr. Tina Tan, a professor of infectious disease at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine and a pediatrician at the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital in Chicago.If green-lit by the FDA, one question that may arise is whether Americans should be mandated to get vaccinated. In August, Dr. Anthony Fauci weighed in.“You don’t want to mandate and try and force anyone to take the vaccine. We’ve never done that,” said Fauci.According to a Pew Research survey in September, about half of U.S. adults (49 percent) said they definitely or probably would not get vaccinated. That was up from 27 percent in May.“I think it's going to be really important to build public trust before we talk about mandating vaccines for adults or even for children,” said Tan.Tan points out that none of the vaccines have been tested in children, and so, school mandated vaccinations could be years away.Still, legal scholars say local vaccine mandates have historically had solid legal precedent for enforcement for more than a century.“The short answer is yes, a vaccine can be mandated under the law,” said Juliet Sorensen, a professor of health and human rights at Northwestern University’s Pritzker School of Law.Sorensen says it’s still a complex question, not just about whether a vaccine can be mandated, but whether it should be.“The Constitution empowers state and local governments to take measures in furtherance of the public health as long as there is a basis in science for doing so,” she explained.And while few are endorsing a vaccination mandate right now, as the death toll climbs without universal mask-wearing and social distancing, it could be up for further debate. 2655

The government of the Democratic Republic of Congo declared an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, a rare and deadly disease, on Tuesday, the World Health Organization reported. The declaration came after laboratory results confirmed two cases of the disease in the province of Bikoro."Our top priority is to get to Bikoro to work alongside the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and partners to reduce the loss of life and suffering related to this new Ebola virus disease outbreak," said Dr Peter Salama, WHO Deputy Director-General, Emergency Preparedness and Response. "Working with partners and responding early and in a coordinated way will be vital to containing this deadly disease."This is Congo's ninth outbreak of Ebola virus disease since the discovery of the virus in the country in 1976. In the past five weeks, there have been 21 suspected cases of viral hemorrhagic fever, including 17 deaths.Ebola virus disease, which most commonly affects people and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas and chimpanzees), is caused by one of five Ebola viruses.The WHO said it is working closely with the government to rapidly scale up its operations and mobilize health partners, including Medicin sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders), using the model of a successful response to a similar Ebola outbreak in 2017.  1352

The National Institutes of Health is reportedly planning to conduct a clinical study to determine why people are having severe allergic reactions to Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine.According to the Washington Post, during a press briefing on Monday, Moncef Slaoui, the chief science adviser for Operation Warp Speed, said they are seeking volunteers who've had allergic reactions to the vaccine, so doctors can identify why a rare event known as anaphylaxis is happening.The NIH also plans to study the Moderna vaccine as well, Bloomberg reported.Last week, health authorities in the U.K. said they were investigating after two people had "adverse reactions" to the Pfizer vaccine on the first day of the country's mass vaccination program.In the U.S., two healthcare workers in Alaska reported having an allergic reaction, and on Friday, the FDA announced five people also had an "adverse reaction" to the vaccine. 917

The Justice Department's inspector general has sent a criminal referral regarding former FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe to the US attorney's office in Washington, according to a source familiar with the matter.A McCabe spokesperson, the Justice Department and US attorney's office all declined to comment.The IG had found that McCabe "lacked candor" on four occasions when discussing the disclosure of information for a Wall Street Journal article about the FBI's Clinton Foundation investigation, according to a copy of the report obtained by CNN.In addition, the inspector general determined that McCabe was not authorized to disclose the existence of the investigation because it was not within the department's "public interest" exception for disclosing ongoing investigations. The disclosure to the Journal was made "in a manner designed to advance his personal interests at the expense of department leadership," the report said.The findings formed the basis of McCabe's firing last month by Attorney General Jeff Sessions.The-CNN-Wire 1052

The National Hurricane Center has issued a hurricane watch for sections of the Gulf Coast as Louisiana and Texas prepares for a second tropical system this week.Tropical Storm Laura, which had top winds of 65 MPH as of 11 p.m. ET Monday, is expected to turn into the Gulf of Mexico and strengthen into a hurricane. The potential hurricane is expected to hit either the Texas or Louisiana coast late Wednesday.A hurricane watch is in effect from Port Bolivar, Texas, to west of Morgan City, Louisiana. A tropical storm watch is in effect from south of Port Bolivar, Texas, to San Luis Pass, Texas, and from Morgan City, Louisiana to the Mouth of the Mississippi River.As of Monday morning, Laura was dumping heavy rain on both Cuba and Jamaica. According to the National Hurricane Center, the storms could cause mudslides and urban flash floods on the islands.Laura has already caused the deaths of at least 11 people in the Dominican Republic and Haiti, while knocking out power and causing flooding Sunday.Meanwhile, Tropical Depression Marco, made landfall along the Louisiana coast Monday evening, according to the National Hurricane Center, as a minimal tropical storm. It weakened from hurricane all the way to a depression on Monday. All tropical storm warnings have been dropped in associated with Marco.Marco was recording maximum sustained winds of 35 mph as of late Monday evening. Marco was a hurricane most of Sunday, but the National Hurricane Center says its maximum sustained winds decreased after nightfall. 1532

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