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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The National Institutes of Health highlighted research Tuesday out of UC San Diego that could unlock a new way to treat COVID-19.The research reveals new insight into how the coronavirus hijacks cells, and how doctors might be able to set traps or decoys to combat the virus. The findings were published in the journal Cell last month.“It does open up another avenue for a potential treatment,” said UC San Diego distinguished professor Dr. Jeffrey Esko. “It’s not a cure. It would be something that would tamp down infection potentially.”Since January, scientists around the world have understood that SARS-Co-V2, the official name of the new coronavirus, enters cells by latching onto a specific receptor on the cell’s surface, called ACE2.The UCSD team, led by Dr. Esko and visiting scholar Dr. Thomas Clausen, discovered that this entry mechanism is actually a two-step process, and the virus must also attach to a long chain of sugars called heparan sulfate.“We’ve shown this is fundamental to the infectious mechanism, so it needs to be part of every study from now on,” said Clausen.All cells are coated with a complex layer of sugars, or carbohydrates, called glycans. Heparan sulfate is one type of glycan that is known to play a key role in the infection process in several viruses, including herpes and other coronaviruses.It’s a complicated process to picture so the researchers offer an analogy: imagine a bird, soaring over trees, hunting a worm on the forest floor. The bird is the coronavirus and the trees are the thick layer of glycans that coat the surface of the cell.To reach the worm, which in this case is the receptor ACE2, the bird must navigate its way through the trees, specifically through heparan sulfate.The UCSD found that by removing the heparan sulfate trees with an enzyme, they were able to prevent the virus from infecting cells. In laboratory testing, they also found a second technique worked to foil the virus: introducing more trees as bait.The team found that heparin, an FDA-approved drug that is similar in structure to heparan sulfate, successfully acted as decoy. Heparin is a widely used drug designed to treat blood clots. Since blood clots and strokes are common complications with COVID-19, many doctors already administer heparin to patients.The UCSD team demonstrated that the two approaches can block infection in lab-grown cells about 80 to 90 percent of the time.“Certainly in the laboratory you can demonstrate that it works, but to deploy it and use it as a therapeutic has not been demonstrated,” Esko said.The NIH noted that more studies are planned to explore whether heparin, heparan sulfate, or drugs that target heparan sulfate might yield a viable COVID-19 treatment.Dr. Esko said he’s already been in talks with companies that plan to use their study as a rationale for a clinical trial.“It is very humbling when you realize we’re working on a pandemic right now, and maybe what we’ve done can contribute to a treatment for the disease,” he said. 3038

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — The CDC is making plans to distribute millions of doses of a coronavirus vaccine by late next month, but government officials have gotten these predictions wrong in the past.Doctors and scientists say there are reasons to be skeptical of the timelines laid out by Operation Warp Speed based on the lessons of 2009 and 1976.During the height of the H1N1 Pandemic in 2009, San Diegans waited in long lines to get vaccinated only to find there were not many doses to go around.The CDC initially projected there would be 120 million doses of vaccine ready by October 2009. Then federal officials scaled back the projection to 45 million.By the end of October, only 23 million doses would become available due to delays in the manufacturing process.“The lesson of H1N1 is that you may make all the plans on paper, but the actual nuts and bolts of rolling it out is really challenging and not to be underestimated,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease specialist at UC San Francisco.Manufacturers had trouble growing the H1N1 vaccine in chicken eggs, the most common method for producing flu vaccines. There were also issues with testing the vaccine’s potency and problems switching production lines from the seasonal flu vaccine to the H1N1 strain, according to an after-action report by the Department of Health and Human Services.A lot goes into making a vaccine, said Dr. Rahul Gupta of March of Dimes.“It's not just the vaccine but also the syringes, and the needles, and the stoppers, and the alcohol pads,” he said. “There are so many other things that go along when we talk about a vaccine.”By the time the vaccine was widely available, the pandemic had petered out.Experts say there are also some parallels to what happened in 1976.During the height of an election cycle, President Gerald Ford fast-tracked a vaccine after some soldiers on a military base in New Jersey got sick with a strain of H1N1, then called Swine Flu, that was genetically similar to the strain that killed millions in 1918.“Some scientists were telling Gerald Ford that this was going to be as bad as Spanish Flu,” said Dr. Chin-Hong.The U.S. launched a huge media campaign, urging Americans to get vaccinated.President Ford rolled up his sleeve and got the vaccine, along with one-quarter with the U.S. population, beginning in October of 1976.However, the viral strain they were worried about never spread beyond the military base, and there were rare side effects linked to the vaccine. Of the 45 million people inoculated, about 450 people developed Guillain–Barré syndrome and about 30 people died.One month after the vaccinations began, Ford lost the election and the episode became known as the “Swine Flu Affair.”Experts say it’s normal to have adverse reactions and production delays on the road to a vaccine.“We have to understand that’s a process. And we learn as we go along. And people have to trust the process as well,” Dr. Gupta said.But doctors say it’s a process that takes a lot of coordination, and there are aspects you just don’t want to rush. 3081

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- Sunday, The Department of Environmental Health lifted a water contact closer along Imperial Beach. The department said recent water quality testing confirms that Tijuana River flows are no longer impacting the beaches. RELATED: Sewage-contaminated runoff in Tijuana River prompts Imperial Beach water closureThe area was closed to water contact recently due to sewage-contaminated flows from the Tijuana River entering the U.S. The department said Sunday that the ocean shoreline from the International Border to the south end of Seacoast drive will remain closed until water sampling confirms the areas are safe for water contact.RELATED COVERAGE: 701

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - The California Restaurant Association has a grim forecast for the restaurant industry as communities across the state begin to see more and more restaurant closures.When the coronavirus pandemic started, the CRA projected that 20 to 30 percent of restaurants could close their doors for good because of the pandemic. That projection is looking to be on the higher end now, according to Jot Condie, the CRA's president and CEO."With this second shutdown, it's likely to be closer to 30 percent," Condie said. "A lot of restaurants that we're learning are closed, are doing it quietly. There are no signs posted, no banners saying we're closed for good."He said while many variables are at play, even when restaurants can reopen completely, many restaurant owners will not be out of the woods yet."After the opening, you'll see a sort of shaking out of the industry in those first 18 months," Condie said.Condie said the restaurants most at risk are fine dining and independently owned.He also said the impact will likely vary in various parts of the state. Condie believes that San Diego County and Southern California's restaurant industry may fare better than the rest of the state because of better weather throughout the year. The weather will be a significant factor for restaurants that can offer outdoor dining and expanded outdoor dining."Where the weather cooperates almost all year, you're likely not to see the challenges of survival that you will see in, for example, San Francisco or the Bay Area," he said. 1546

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- The first Tuesday of every August, people across the nation recognize National Night Out.The night is designed to strengthen neighborhood spirit and police-community relations and heighten crime and drug prevention awareness.Thousands of people throughout the county are expected to attend this year’s National Night Out.Check out the list below for locations: 388

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