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CANBERRA, Aug. 29 (Xinhua) -- An Australia report released on Monday draws a direct link between inaction on climate change and long-term social and mental health problems.The Climate Institute report, A Climate of Suffering: The Real Cost of Living with Inaction on Climate Change, points that in the wake of extreme weather in Australia, such as cyclones and droughts, there is an increase in depression, anxiety, post- traumatic stress and substance abuse.As many as one in five people reported "emotional injury, stress and despair" in the wake of these events.The report also warns continuing catastrophic weather events are creating anxiety and insecurity for children at levels not seen since the Cold War.It claims one in 10 children of primary school age showed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after Cyclone Larry in 2006.According to Professor Ian Hickie, from the Brain & Mind Institute, regional and remote communities are most vulnerable to the impact of climate change.He said a recent study of rural New South Wales where, following the long drought, self-harm and suicide rose by up to eight percent."I think what we are seeing now is a much more significant counting of not just the short-term costs and reactions but the longer-term costs, the loss of community cohesion and that being essential to people's long-term mental health," Professor Hickie."The drought was a particularly instructive event for everyone in Australia and we saw a lot of focus for the first time on the mental health effects, particularly suicides in rural families, the effect on rural communities of prolonged examples of weather change," Hickie said.Climate Institute chief executive John Connor said that not only did natural disasters cost taxpayers about nine billion U.S. dollars last year, but there are also damaging Australia's social fabric.He said that with Australian regions increasingly exposed to extreme weather, recognizing and managing the risks of climate change is essential, and it is an insurance policy to protect Australia's communities.The study came as the political and social debate over Australian federal government's proposed carbon tax intensifies.In 2007, a report by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) projected the effects of various greenhouse gas emission scenarios for 2030, 2050 and 2070.It said droughts were likely to become more frequent, fire danger was set to increase and tropical cyclones were likely to become more intense.

LOS ANGELES, June 20 (Xinhua) -- About 8 percent of children, or nearly 6 million in the U.S., have a food allergy, a much higher rate than previously estimated, a new study suggests.Not only is this estimate higher than some previous research has reported, allergic reactions are often severe and that many kids have more than one allergy, according to the study published online in Pediatrics on Monday.Of the children with confirmed (or probable) food allergies, about 39 percent had had severe reactions in the past, and 30 percent had more than one allergy, the study found.In the current study, researchers at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine surveyed parents of more than 38,000 children about whether their child had been diagnosed with a food allergy and had one or more of a number of symptoms, including anaphylaxis; swelling of the lips, eyes or face and skin rashes or hives.The study pinned down peanuts (25 percent of food-allergic children), milk (21 percent) and shellfish (17 percent) as the top three allergens.Severe reactions were most common among children with tree nut (more than 50 percent) and fin fish (more than 40 percent) allergies. The reactions were more likely among 14- to 17-year- olds compared with 0- to 2-year-olds, and more likely in children with multiple food allergies, the study found."These findings provide critical epidemiologic information to guide strategies for the prevention of food-induced reactions and for the diagnosis and management of childhood food allergies," the study noted.

WUHAN, Aug. 6 (Xinhua) -- A Chinese man nearing 80 years old was recently diagnosed with HIV and doctors say he probably caught the virus through having "frequent unprotected sex."The case is the latest to support the opinions of experts who believe the virus is spreading fast among older Chinese men who have been largely neglected in the country's anti-AIDS campaigns.The latest diagnosed man, whose identity has been concealed for privacy reasons, was admitted to Zhongnan Hospital in central Chinese city of Wuhan with a lingering fever. He was later found to be HIV positive, doctors at the hospital said Friday.The man was widowed in his old age, has no record of blood transfusions, but had an "active unprotected sexual life," they said.Gao Shicheng, a HIV specialist in Zhongnan Hospital, said that HIV/AIDS has started to infect middle-aged and elderly Chinese men who have little or no AIDS prevention knowledge.Gao said this year alone he had diagnosed two senior men with HIV. Both contracted the virus through unprotected sex outside marriage.A recent survey conducted by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) shows that among the new HIV infections, the percentage of people aged 50 or above with it grew from 7.8 to 14.9 percent. Most of them were male and were found to have contracted the virus through sexual intercourse.Experts say the spread of HIV/AIDS has picked up among older Chinese men in recent years because China's senior citizens have become healthier, more open-minded about sex, and increasingly bored after retirement.They called for anti-AIDS campaigns, which usually target young people with a focus on gays, sex workers, and rural migrants, to also cover seniors in a bid to raise the awareness of HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge.China is fighting a hard battle to contain the spread of HIV/AIDS. According to a UNAIDS estimate, the country had about 740,000 people living with HIV by the end of 2009. Among them, 105,000 were estimated to have AIDS.By the end of August 2010, the cumulative total of reported HIV positives in China was 361,599, with 65,104 recorded deaths.Sex, other than blood transmission or mother-to-child transmission, has become the main channel for the spread of HIV in China.

WASHINGTON, Aug. 4 (Xinhua) -- Observations from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have revealed possible flowing water during the warmest months on Mars, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced Thursday.Dark, finger-like features appear and extend down some Martian slopes during late spring through summer, fade in winter, and return during the next spring. Repeated observations have tracked the seasonal changes in these recurring features on several steep slopes in the middle latitudes of Mars' southern hemisphere."The best explanation for these observations so far is the flow of briny water," said Alfred McEwen of the University of Arizona, Tucson.McEwen is the principal investigator for the orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment and lead author of a report about the recurring flows to be published in Friday's edition of the journal Science.Seven such sites on the planet have been confirmed, with 20 more possible, McEwen said."What makes these new observations so interesting is they occur at much lower latitudes where temperatures are much warmer and where it's actually possible for liquid water to exist," said Arizona State University geophysicist Phil Christensen, one of the scientists who studied the images beamed back from the orbiter.The study does not prove water exists, but identifies it as the best explanation. It's worthwhile to think about alternative reasons for these observations, but none seems to fit as well as briny water, McEwen said."I think it's going to be laboratory experiments on Earth that give us the best confirmation or refutation," he said.

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