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WASHINGTON, June 7 (Xinhua) -- Salmonella infections have not decreased during the past 15 years and have instead increased by 10 percent in recent years in the United States, according to a report released Tuesday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).During the same time period, illnesses from the serious Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157 have been cut nearly in half and the overall rates of foodborne infections have been reduced by 23 percent, the new Vital Signs report said.The report summarizes 2010 data from CDC's Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), which serves as America's report card for food safety by tracking whether nine of the most common infections transmitted through foods are increasing or decreasing."Although foodborne infections have decreased by nearly one-fourth in the past 15 years, more than one million people in this country become ill from Salmonella each year, and Salmonella accounts for about half of the hospitalizations and deaths among the nine foodborne illnesses CDC tracks through FoodNet," said CDC Director Thomas Frieden in a statement.In 2010, FoodNet sites, which include about 15 percent of the American population, reported nearly 20,000 illnesses, 4,200 hospitalizations and 68 deaths from nine foodborne infections. Of those, Salmonella caused more than 8,200 infections, nearly 2,300 hospitalizations and 29 deaths (54 percent of the total hospitalizations and 43 percent of the total deaths reported through FoodNet). CDC estimates that there are 29 infections for every lab-confirmed Salmonella infection.Salmonella, which is responsible for an estimated 365 million U.S. dollars in direct medical costs each year in the United States, can be challenging to address because so many different foods like meats, eggs, produce, and even processed foods, can become contaminated with it and finding the source can be challenging because it can be introduced in many different ways.In response to that challenge, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which regulates eggs, produce and many processed foods, has developed new rules for the egg industry to follow under its recently expanded regulatory authorities.The rate of E. coli O157 cases reported by FoodNet was two cases per 100,000 people in 1997 and, by 2010, had decreased to 0.9 cases per 100,000 people. The CDC credits the reduction in E. coli to improved detection and investigation of outbreaks, cleaner slaughter methods, better inspections of ground beef processing plants, and increased awareness by consumers and restaurant employees of the importance of properly cooking beef.
SINGAPORE, July 6 (Xinhua) -- A team of researchers in Singapore has designed a tube with special robotic hands that allows doctors to perform surgery on a patient's inner organs without resulting in scars, local media reported on Wednesday.The special "robotic hands" were fixed to the tube to access a patient's stomach. Compared with traditional methods which use only one robotic hand, the new device known as master and slave transluminal endoscopic robot, or MASTER, is more nimble, thereby allowing complex operations, the Lianhe Zaobao reported.Louis Phee, an associate professor at the Nanyang Technological University who led the team of researchers, had spent six years to develop the gadget, which cut an eight-hour procedure to just 17 minutes, said doctors at India's Asian Institute of Gastroenterology.The gadget, still in the trial stage, has been tested earlier this month on three patients at the Indian hospital. It is also expected to be tried out in Germany and China's Hong Kong later. The patients can leave the hospital much sooner than they would have using traditional gadgets.Phee said he expected the gadget to be available on the market as early as three years from now, after going through clinical trials and getting the approval from authorities.He also saw a potential for the gadget to be used on other organs by cutting a small spit on stomach that allows the gadget to go through to access the site.

HOUSTON, July 25 (Xinhua) -- A shelter-in-place was ordered after a battery caught fire during a testing at NASA's Johnson Space Center Monday morning.A battery was being tested inside a containment system when it got overheated and caught fire at about 9 a.m. local time, ABC quoted the Houston Fire Department (HFD) sources as reporting.A shelter-in-place was issued for a few buildings because it's believed that one of the bi-products of the combustion could be dangerous, HFD said.The fire was put out before 11:30 a.m.A firefighter was injured when a hydrant cap blew off and struck him, according to ABC.
UNITED NATIONS, June 9 (Xinhua) -- The message delivered by scores of speakers on the second day of the three-day UN High Level Meeting on AIDS on Thursday, marking 30 years of the pandemic, was that most of their countries were making progress but increased efforts had to be made with greater cooperation needed among nations.In the case of developing states, gratitude was expressed for past help but more aid was needed to continue the battle.Despite the similarities in content, the chair, UN General Assembly President Joseph Deiss, repeatedly appealed to speakers to limit their speeches to their allotted five minutes, warning at the halfway point that if everyone was taking an extra few minutes, a fourth day would have to be added to the agenda.One of the briefest addresses, well under time, was delivered by Yin Li, China's vice health minister, which he referred to as " a responsible developing country."Briefly listing some of the steps taken, the Chinese vice minister focused on achieving the UNAIDS goal of the three Zs -- " Zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths.""We should unite to generate a joint force, irrespective of gender, skin color, nationality, beliefs, values and ideology. Developed countries should further provide developing countries with unselfish, unconditional financial and technical support," he said. "Developing countries should place AIDS control in a position as important as economic development and actively explore prevention and treatment mode consistent with national conditions. ""Second, given the increasing disease burden of AIDS," he said, "the private sector and relevant organizations should shoulder more social responsibility."On the one hand efforts should be made to mobilize more resources in AIDS to better implement prevention, treatment and care measures; on the other hand, multinational drug manufacturers should reduce by a large margin the price of drugs, testing equipment and reagents through technology transfer, contract manufacturing and reduction of monopoly profits in order to promote universal access to treatment services," Yin added.Since AIDS prevention and treatment in China is an important component in the global fight against AIDS, he said, "Progress made in China is a positive contribution globally."The High Level Meeting on AIDS is taking place 10 years after the UN Special Session on HIV/AIDS and five years since signing of the Political Declaration in which UN Member States committed to universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.Norway's minister of the environment and international development, Erik Solheim, said, "Prevention and treatment must be mutually reinforcing and better treatment regiments need to be made available."He called for development of innovative methods for prevention.While Solheim said "remarkable" results had been achieved in the last three decades, there still was a need for a " transformation of current working methods."AIDS must be taken out of isolation into an "integrated approach," noting that HIV response has to be connected with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health and "HIV and AIDS programs should be mainstreamed into national health systems, he said.Solheim said that the social, political and economic empowerment of women is crucial and he welcomed the establishment of the new UN agency UN Women."The burden of HIV in the world is reduced but major challenges remain," the minister said. "Our experience is that the approaches that work well on HIV, are those based on rights and on promoting the dignity of people."Celsius Waterberg, the health minister of Suriname, said the nation "is among the few countries in the Caribbean where the incidence of HIV infection has decreased by more than 25 percent."The strides forward are due to a national multi-sectoral HIV Council, setting up structures to provide leadership in quality of services and training in revised treatment protocols, he said.Suriname, the smallest sovereign state in South America, on the northeast coast of the continent, also introduced combined prevention tools and implemented pilot projects successful in mobilizing men for circumcision as an additional preventive measure, Waterberg said.Challenges that need to be overcome include harmful traditions and customs, misconceptions and adverse beliefs, language barriers in a multilingual society and vulnerability of small communities and individuals due to HIV-related stigma, gender inequalities and poverty, he said.Victor Makwenge Kaput, health minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo, said that although the government had made progress in supporting individuals living with HIV and protecting the uninfected, it continues to face many challenges. Indeed, HIV prevalence stood at 3.7 percent for pregnant women and 3 percent for the general population, he said.AIDS' victims increasingly are women and youth with infections particularly concentrated along the Congo River, the minister said. Today, 1.2 million citizens are infected. Total population in the third largest country in Africa, about the size of Western Europe, is 71 million.He said women account for roughly 71,000 new infections each year and the government is now paying particular attention to mother-to-child transmission.Kaput said his long war-torn nation is committed to the global vision of zero infections and appealed for support to curb the spread of HIV.
SAN FRANCISCO, July 28 (Xinhua) -- Global marketing and advertising research company Nielson on Thursday said in its latest survey that Google's Android operating system (OS) continued to dominate the U.S. smartphone market in June.According to Nielson's June survey of mobile consumers, the Android OS claims the largest share of the U.S. consumer smartphone market with 39 percent. Apple's iOS is in second place with 28 percent while RIM Blackberry is down to 20 percent.Microsoft's Windows Phone 7 OS had a 9 percent share of the market while HP webOS (Palm) accounted for 2 percent as did Nokia' s Symbian.In Nielson's May survey, 38 percent of smartphone consumers had a device powered by Android, compared to 27 percent for Apple's iOS for iPhones and 21 percent for RIM Blackberry.Talking about the manufacturer share, Apple is the No.1 in the U.S. as it is the only company manufacturing smartphones with the iOS, said the report.Other leading manufacturers include HTC, whose Android phones represents 14 percent of the smartphone market and whose Windows Mobile/WP7 devices accounted for 6 percent of the market.Motorola's Android devices are owned by 11 percent of smartphone consumers. Samsung's Android devices are used by 8 percent of smartphone consumers and its Windows Phone 7 devices take a 2 percent share, said Nielson.
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