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LOS ANGELES, June 17 (Xinhua) -- The size of low-oxygen zones created by respiring bacteria is extremely sensitive to changes in depth caused by oscillations in climate, thus posing a distant threat to marine life, a new study suggests."The growth of low-oxygen regions is cause for concern because of the detrimental effects on marine populations -- entire ecosystems can die off when marine life cannot escape the low- oxygen water," said lead researcher Curtis Deutsch, assistant professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences at University of California, Los Angeles."There are widespread areas of the ocean where marine life has had to flee or develop very peculiar adaptations to survive in low- oxygen conditions," Deutsch said in the study to be published in an upcoming print edition of the journal Science.A team led byDeutsch used a specialized computer simulation to demonstrate for the first time that fluctuations in climate can drastically affect the habitability of marine ecosystems.The study also showed that in addition to consuming oxygen, marine bacteria are causing the depletion of nitrogen, an essential nutrient necessary for the survival of most types of algae."We found there is a mechanism that connects climate and its effect on oxygen to the removal of nitrogen from the ocean," Deutsch said. "Our climate acts to change the total amount of nutrients in the ocean over the timescale of decades."Low-oxygen zones are created by bacteria living in the deeper layers of the ocean that consume oxygen by feeding on dead algae that settle from the surface. Just as mountain climbers might feel adverse effects at high altitudes from a lack of air, marine animals that require oxygen to breathe find it difficult or impossible to live in these oxygen-depleted environments, Deutsch said.Sea surface temperatures vary over the course of decades through a climate pattern called the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, during which small changes in depth occur for existing low-oxygen regions, Deutsch said. Low-oxygen regions that rise to warmer, shallower waters expand as bacteria become more active; regions that sink to colder, deeper waters shrink as the bacteria become more sluggish, as if placed in a refrigerator."We have shown for the first time that these low-oxygen regions are intrinsically very sensitive to small changes in climate," Deutsch said in remarks published Friday by the American Association for the Advancement of Science on its website. "That is what makes the growth and shrinkage of these low-oxygen regions so dramatic."Molecular oxygen from the atmosphere dissolves in sea water at the surface and is transported to deeper levels by ocean circulation currents, where it is consumed by bacteria, Deutsch said."The oxygen consumed by bacteria within the deeper layers of the ocean is replaced by water circulating through the ocean," he said. "The water is constantly stirring itself up, allowing the deeper parts to occasionally take a breath from the atmosphere."A lack of oxygen is not the only thing fish and other marine life must contend with, according to Deutsch. When oxygen is very low, the bacteria will begin to consume nitrogen, one of the most important nutrients that sustain marine life."Almost all algae, the very base of the food chain, use nitrogen to stay alive," Deutsch said. "As these low-oxygen regions expand and contract, the amount of nutrients available to keep the algae alive at the surface of the ocean goes up and down. "Understanding the causes of oxygen and nitrogen depletion in the ocean is important for determining the effect on fisheries and fish populations, he said.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 20 (Xinhua) -- Google announced on Wednesday that it has reached a deal with author J.K. Rowling to launch the series of Harry Potter ebooks on Google's platform.When the series of Harry Potter ebooks launch on Pottermore.com in early October, the bestsellers will be available in the United States via Google eBooks platform, said Google in a blog post.When customers buy a Harry Potter ebook from Pottermore.com, they will be able to choose to keep it in their Google's online library in the cloud, as well as other e-reading platforms.Google said Google eBooks can be read on most devices with a modern browser, through Google apps for iOS and Android smartphones and tablets, and on more than 80 e-readers.Meanwhile, Rowling will continue to issue announcements via YouTube, as she announced Pottermore.com in June.The two sides also agreed to make Google Checkout the preferred third-party payment platform for all purchases made on Rowling's Pottermore.com.Pottermore.com, which will be launched on July 31, will sell ebook and audiobook versions of the seven Harry Potter novels, as well as additional content including background details and settings.According to The Times, the Harry Potter brand value is estimated to be more than 15 billion U.S. dollars. The deal could make Google move some e-reader customers from competitors like Amazon, whose e-reader Kindle does not support Google eBooks.

He also said that China's track record of sharing knowledge with the World Bank was creating a "catalyst for consensus" and that placed the institutions in good stead to benefit from China's economic consistence."The Chinese policy mix includes a tool box of administrative measures ... In general, one of the lessons that the United States and others can learn (from China) is that to have supervisory policies for bank regulatory systems can be a useful part of the tool set."Aside from hinting that over-heating global real estate markets could benefit from China's regulatory tightening, Zoellick suggested if China moved to more market-exposed decision making, he hoped China's bank regulators would not step too far back."Over time China will be better served to move to more precise and market signals than more administration-based decisions. Over time China will want to move to more market based decisions ... but I don't want this to be interpreted that supervisors don't have to supervise," he said.

BEIJING, Aug. 23 (Xinhuanet) -- More than 90 percent of U.S. heart attack patients who need the lifesaving procedure receive it within just 90 minutes of being admitted to the hospital, according to a study released Monday in the journal Circulation.The study on the American Heart Association's journal shows that in 2010, 91 percent of heart attack patients who needed angioplasty were treated within the 90-minute window. While in 2005, 44% were.Researchers analyzed data on more than 300,000 such patients who underwent emergency angioplasty between January of 2005 and October of 2010.The improvement is the result of a nationwide effort between federal agencies, health care organizations and health care providers to improve heart attack care and outcome, said study author Dr. Harlan M. Krumholz, a professor of medicine and epidemiology and public health at Yale University School of Medicine, according to U.S. News reports.

BEIJING, Sept. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese banks have extended more loans to small firms to ease their financial predicaments as the government tightens monetary supply, a banking regulator said Wednesday.Outstanding loans to small firms grew 26.6 percent year-on-year to hit 9.85 trillion yuan (1.55 trillion U.S. dollars) at the end of July, said Xiao Yuanqi, an official in charge of financial services for small enterprises at the China Banking Regulatory Commission.The growth was 10 percentage points higher than that of the banks' total outstanding loans, Xiao told Xinhua.More than 100 commercial banks have set up special operations to ease small firms' difficulties getting access to bank credit, he noted.The figures came at a time when China is trying to balance the missions of countering inflation and sustaining the growth of small enterprises.The People's Bank of China, or the central bank, has raised the benchmark interest rate three times this year and increased the reserve requirement ratio six times.The measures bit into small, cash-strapped companies, which are already disadvantaged in seeking bank support due to insufficient collateral.Only 15 percent of China's small enterprises could get loans from banks and half of them had to resort to private lenders, according to a report by the National School of Development with Peking University in July.With tighter liquidity and stricter regulatory requirements on capital-adequacy ratios and loan-deposit ratios, banks are more reluctant to lend to small firms, said Ai Min, a retail banking general manager with China Minsheng Banking Corp., Ltd.Besides, the expanding size of lending to small firms may lead to higher risks, said Ai.He suggested banks improve the risk evaluation and collateral system for loans to small firms.

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