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Smoke masks. Eye drops. No outdoor exercise. This is how Californians are trying to cope with wildfires choking the state, but experts say an increase in serious health problems may be almost inevitable for vulnerable residents as the disasters become more commonplace.Research suggests children, the elderly and those with existing health problems are most at risk.Short-term exposure to wildfire smoke can worsen existing asthma and lung disease, leading to emergency room treatment or hospitalization, studies have shown.Increases in doctor visits or hospital treatment for respiratory infections, bronchitis and pneumonia in otherwise healthy people also have been found during and after wildfires.RELATED: Missing-persons list tops 600 in Camp FireSome studies also have found increases in ER visits for heart attacks and strokes in people with existing heart disease on heavy smoke days during previous California wildfires, echoing research on potential risks from urban air pollution.For most healthy people, exposure to wildfire smoke is just an annoyance, causing burning eyes, scratchy throats or chest discomfort that all disappear when the smoke clears.But doctors, scientists and public health officials are concerned that the changing face of wildfires will pose a much broader health hazard."Wildfire season used to be June to late September. Now it seems to be happening all year round. We need to be adapting to that," Dr. Wayne Cascio, a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency cardiologist, said this week.In an overview published earlier this year, Cascio wrote that the increasing frequency of large wildland fires, urban expansion into wooded areas and an aging population are all increasing the number of people at risk for health problems from fires.Wood smoke contains some of the same toxic chemicals as urban air pollution, along with tiny particles of vapor and soot 30 times thinner than a human hair. These can infiltrate the bloodstream, potentially causing inflammation and blood vessel damage even in healthy people, research on urban air pollution has shown. Studies have linked heart attacks and cancer with long-term exposure to air pollution.Whether exposure to wildfire smoke carries the same risks is uncertain, and determining harm from smog versus wildfire smoke can be tricky, especially with wind-swept California wildfires spreading thick smoke hundreds of miles away into smoggy big cities."That is the big question," said Dr. John Balmes, a University of California, San Francisco, professor of medicine who studies air pollution."Very little is known about the long-term effects of wildfire smoke because it's hard to study populations years after a wildfire," Balmes said.Decreased lung function has been found in healthy firefighters during fire season. They tend to recover but federal legislation signed this year will establish a U.S. registry tracking firefighters and potential risks for various cancers, including lung cancer. Some previous studies suggested a risk.Balmes noted that increased lung cancer rates have been found in women in developing countries who spend every day cooking over wood fires.That kind of extreme exposure doesn't typically happen with wildfires, but experts worry about the kinds of health damage that may emerge for firefighters and residents with these blazes occurring so often.Whether that includes more cancer is unknown. "We're concerned about that," Balmes said.Regular folks breathing in all that smoke worry about the risks too.Smoke from the fire that decimated the Northern California city of Paradise darkened skies this week in San Francisco, nearly 200 miles southwest, and the air smelled "like you were camping," said Michael Northover, a contractor.He and his 14-year-old son have first-time sinus infections that Northover blames on the smoke."We're all kind of feeling it," Northover said.The smoke was so thick in San Francisco, the skyline was barely visible from across the Bay. The city's iconic open-air cable cars that are popular with tourists were pulled off the streets Thursday because of the bad air.An Environmental Protection Agency website said air quality in Sacramento was "hazardous" Thursday and San Francisco's was "very unhealthy." Many people walking around the cities wore face masks.Most schools in San Francisco, Sacramento, Oakland and Folsom said they would be closed Friday. At least six universities in Northern California canceled classes Thursday.At Chico State University, 11 miles (18 kilometers) from Paradise, ash fell this week and classes were canceled until after Thanksgiving."It's kind of freaky to see your whole town wearing air masks and trying to get out of smoke," said freshman Mason West, 18. "You can see the particles. Obviously, it's probably not good to be breathing that stuff in."West returned home this week to Santa Rosa, hard hit by last year's wine country fires, only to find it shrouded in smoke from the Paradise fire 100 miles (160 kilometers) away. West's family had to evacuate last year for a week, but their home was spared."It's as bad here as it was in Chico," West said. "It almost feels like you just can't get away from it."Smoke has been so thick in Santa Rosa that researchers postponed a door-to-door survey there for a study of health effects of last year's fire."We didn't feel we could justify our volunteer interns going knocking on doors when all the air quality alerts were saying stay indoors," said Irva Hertz-Picciotto, a public health researcher at the University of California, Davis. The study includes an online survey of households affected by last year's fire, with responses from about 6,000 people so far.Preliminary data show widespread respiratory problems, eye irritations, anxiety, depression and sleep problems around the time of the fire and months later."Conventional thinking is that these effects related to fires are transient. It's not entirely clear that's the case," Hertz-Picciotto said.Researchers also will be analyzing cord blood and placentas collected from a few dozen women who were pregnant during the fire, seeking evidence of stress markers or exposure to smoke chemicals.They hope to continue the study for years, seeking evidence of long-term physical and emotional harms to fire evacuees and their children.Other studies have linked emotional stress in pregnant women to developmental problems in their children and "this was quite a stress," Hertz-Picciotto said.It's a kind of stress that many people need to prepare for as the climate warms and wildfires proliferate, she said."Any of us could wake up tomorrow and lose everything we own," she said. "It's pretty scary."___Follow AP Medical Writer Lindsey Tanner at https://twitter.com/LindseyTanner . Her work can be found here .___The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives supportfrom the Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content. 7036

SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (AP) — South Dakota health officials say a number of people who attended the 10-day Sturgis Motorcycle Rally this month, including some who came from out of state, have come down with COVID-19. State Department of Health officials on Thursday didn't give an exact number of rallygoers who tested positive, but they said it was under 25. State epidemiologist Josh Clayton says the health department has received reports from other states that people who traveled from the rally have tested positive. Contact tracers have been able to work with most people to determine who they were around and may have infected. But the health department has issued public warnings for two bars — one in Sturgis and the other at a popular stop for riders along U.S. Highway 385 near Mount Rushmore. Clayton said they did not know how many people were exposed at the bars.The health department did not immediately reply to a question about what other states have reported infections in people who attended the rally.The rally, which ended Sunday, brought hundreds of thousands of people from far and wide to Sturgis. Before it kicked off, some locals and officials worried that it could cause an outbreak that could follow rallygoers after they went home. 1263

SIGNAL HILL (CNS) - A single-engine airplane made a safe landing on a street near Long Beach Airport today, with no injuries reported.The airplane, which had just taken off from the airport, set down about 10:15 a.m. in the 2700 block of Orange Avenue, said airport spokeswoman Cassie Chauvel.The Long Beach Fire Department said in a Twitter posting that the plane ``lost power shortly after performing a touch and go off runway 26L.''The pilot was unhurt, and there was no damage to the plane, according to the LBFD.The Federal Aviation Administration reported that the pilot was the lone occupant of the Piper PA28. 625

Several e-commerce websites took action to block the sale of merchandise promoting Southern Poverty Law Center-designated hate group Proud Boys and President Donald Trump's call during Tuesday's debate to "stand back" and "stand by."CBS News and Business Insider confirm that Amazon removed a T-shirt featuring the phrases "stand back" and "stand by" that included the initials PB surrounded by laurels — an insignia similar to the logo for Fred Perry, whose polo shirts the group has co-opted as a uniform.In statements to both CBS News and Business Insider, Amazon confirmed that it had removed the shirt from its platform. 633

Sen. Rand Paul shared an update on his medical status Wednesday, tweeting that he has six broken ribs following an incident last week where a neighbor allegedly assaulted the Kentucky Republican at his home in Bowling Green."I appreciate all of the support from everyone. A medical update: final report indicates six broken ribs & new X-ray shows a pleural effusion," Paul tweeted Wednesday.The attorney representing the man who was charged with assaulting Paul called it an "unfortunate occurrence" in a statement and said it had nothing to do with politics."It was a very regrettable dispute between two neighbors over a matter that most people would regard as trivial," a statement by attorney Matthew Baker said.A neighbor who did not want to be identified previously told CNN?the two men have been "quibbling" over yard waste for years.According to the neighbor, Paul and Rene Boucher, who was charged with attacking Paul, share a property line in a gated community and have a long-running dispute over grass clippings and leaves blown onto each others' lawns.The neighbor did not witness Boucher allegedly assaulting Paul on Friday, and therefore could not say definitely if this is what led to the attack.It was initially reported that Paul had only sustained minor injuries, but Sunday, a senior adviser to Paul said the senator had five rib fractures, including three displaced fractures and bruised lungs.Paul tweeted Sunday?about the event: "Kelley and I appreciate the overwhelming support after Friday's unfortunate event. Thank you for your thoughts and prayers."CNN previously reported that Boucher was charged with one count of fourth-degree assault. He is currently out of jail after posting ,500 bail.According to the Bowling Green Daily News, Boucher is an anesthesiologist and pain specialist, and Boucher's attorney's statement noted that the two men worked together when they "were both practicing physicians.""We sincerely hope that Senator Paul is doing well and that these two gentlemen can get back to being neighbors as quickly as possible," Baker's statement Monday said. 2148

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