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WASHINGTON, April 6 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers have discovered two genes in which variation affects intake of caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, according to a report described Wednesday in the open-access journal PLoS Genetics.A team of investigators from the National Cancer Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill examined genetic variation across the entire genome of more than 47,000 individuals from the U.S.They found the genes -- CYP1A2, which has previously been implicated in the metabolism of caffeine, and AHR, involved in the regulation of CYP1A2, played roles in regulating intake of caffeine. Individuals with the highest-consumption genotype for either gene consumed 40 mg more caffeine than those with the lowest-consumption genotype, equivalent to the amount of one-third cup of caffeinated coffee, or one can of cola.Caffeine is implicated in numerous physiological and medical conditions; it affects sleep patterns, energy levels, mood, and mental and physical performance. The identification of genes that have an impact on daily consumption offers opportunities to better understand these conditions. Further exploration of the identified genetic variants may provide insight into the speed of caffeine metabolism, how long caffeine circulates in the blood, or how strong the physiological effects of consuming a given amount of caffeine are.

BEIJING, Jan. 20 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday announced it had introduced a regulation to better manage state compensation funds. The regulation was signed by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao Monday and immediately came into effect then.The regulation is aimed to ensure eligible claimants receive state compensation on time and in full.The regulation means governments at all levels must budget for state compensation payouts each year, and if the actual amount of state compensation payouts exceed what is budgeted for, additional funds must be used.The regulation also standardizes the procedure of applying for state compensation.State compensation refers to government pay outs to citizens for damages it has caused them through infringements of their rights.The State Compensation Law of China took effect since 1995.

GUIYANG, Jan. 23 (Xinhua) -- Migrant workers, or off-farm workers, in China should enjoy paid annual family-visit vacations as their urban counterparts, a political advisor in southwest China's Guizhou Province had said."Localities could legislate on the issue on a trail basis," said Yu Peixuan, a member of the Guizhou Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), made this proposal at the political advisory body's annual session held Jan. 16-22.If migrant workers took paid home leave every year, they would have more time to help their wives in rural homes do the heavy farm work and educate their children, said Yu. "Thus, family ties would be cemented."Statistics show that 47 million women remain at home in rural China when adult males go off to cities to earn their livings.These women played an important role in taking care of the elderly people and children in their rural homes, but they also face many practical difficulties, such as heavy farm work and dull daily life.One of the major factors affecting these women's quality of life was the lack of communications with their husbands, said Yu.Yu called on large enterprises to allow migrant workers to take paid home leave first to set an example for other enterprises.According to the present Labour Law, regular workers at government organs, institutions and state-owned enterprises are eligible for paid vacations of one month per year to visit separated spouses in different cities or regions.

BEIJING, Jan. 20 (Xinhua) -- Major foreign media have been positive in their coverage so far of Chinese President Hu Jintao's four-day visit to the United States, which began Tuesday.AP said Obama was lavishing the grandest of White House welcomes on Hu as the leaders of the two powers looked for common ground on economic and security issues without alienating their domestic audiences."I absolutely believe China's peaceful rise is good for the world, and it's good for America," Obama said.The Washington Post said Obama stated several times that the United States does not fear a stronger China and that Washington has no interest in blocking Beijing's emergence as a superpower.Chinese President Hu Jintao speaks at a welcoming ceremony held by U.S. President Barack Obama on the South Lawn of the White House in Washington, the United States, Jan. 19, 2011It also said Hu's visit, in addition to serious policy matters, featured a fair amount of glitz. He arrived at the White House to a 21-gun salute and was sent off with a state dinner.The Wall Street Journal said President Obama is looking to assure Americans that they should not fear China's economic rise, using Chinese President Hu's high-profile state visit to announce job-creating business deals worth billions of dollars to U.S. companies.The two sides played down differences and stressed areas of cooperation, ranging from a plan to cooperate on nuclear security to an extension of the loan of two Chinese pandas to Washington's zoo.CNN said at a joint news conference held by the two leaders, Obama praised a "spirit of cooperation that is also friendly competition." President Hu told reporters the countries' relationship is based on "mutual respect and mutual benefit."Obama stressed common interests between the nations while toasting the Chinese leader at the White House, CNN said.VOA said dozens of business deals this week will increase U.S. exports by more than 45 billion U.S. dollars and increase China's investments in the United States by several billion dollars.AFP said that, during Hu's visit, the United States and China had announced a raft of trade deals worth 45 billion dollars. The deals, spanning sectors as diverse as agriculture, gasification, railways and hybrid buses, would support 235,000 U.S. jobs."The scope of Wednesday's deals were seen as evidence of the rapidly deepening business links between the two countries," AFP said.The Los Angeles Times said in its report that two leaders "unapologetically acknowledged major differences on economic issues and human rights" in a White House summit Wednesday, but also pledged cooperation to stabilize relations between the world's two largest economies.Obama said the United States hoped to benefit from China's "rapid and peaceful" growth, the report said.The Times of India said, "China's President Hu Jintao arrived in Washington on Tuesday on a four-day U.S. visit that is being watched in every capital on the planet."O Estado de S. Paulo, a local daily newspaper in Brazil, quoted President Hu's words, saying that China and the United States "stand to gain from a sound China-U.S. relationship, and lose from confrontation," thus they needed to discard the "Cold War mentality."The newspaper also said the two nations both hoped to take the visit as an opportunity to rebuild mutual trust despite some frictions over the past year.

CHENGDU, Jan. 30 (Xinhua) -- Over the crowds of holiday shoppers in China's big stores this Spring Festival lingers an atmosphere of suspicion.With charges of price deception hanging over the big chains of Carrefour and Wal-Mart and local authorities moving to levy fines, many Chinese -- normally averse to be pinching pennies during the Lunar New Year -- are checking their receipts at the tills.The New Year, which falls on Feb. 3 this year, is normally a time of largesse and excess -- all the more reason why many shoppers feel so betrayed.Customers can be seen recording label prices in notebooks or calculating their final bill on their mobile phones as they walk the aisles.At outlets of Carrefour and Wal-Mart in cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu, the check out queues have grown as customers doublecheck prices at the tills."I would never have imagined global firms would do this intentionally and I have to be cautious," said a woman surnamed Wang, after shopping at a foreign-owned supermarket in Chengdu, southwest China's Sichuan Province.With three bulging shopping bags, Wang stood next to the check out to calculate the final bill: "We buy a lot for the New Year celebrations, so I have to be more careful."The official weeklong Spring Festival holiday, which starts Wednesday, is China's closest equivalent to the West's Christmas shopping season, with generous gifts of food, tobacco, liquor and other presents for family and friends.According to the Ministry of Commerce, China's retail sales hit 340 billion yuan (49.8 billion U.S. dollars) during the Spring Festival holiday week last year."The deceptive pricing practices of the two foreign-funded supermarket giants were a total scandal," said Wang. "I have to be careful with the prices and the labels.""Cheating by the supermarkets is the same as stealing. I might have suffered losses as I don't normally check receipts," said a Chengdu man surnamed Li.Wal-Mart (China) Investment Co., Ltd. offered a "sincere apology" to affected customers on Thursday. The company has been cooperating with investigations into the cheating. It has also launched inspections of stores nationwide.Chen Bo, spokesperson for Carrefour China, said Sunday that Carrefour sincerely apologized to Chinese customers for inconvenience and losses caused by pricing irregularities.Carrefour would refund customers five times the difference between the price charged and that on the label. The refund policy would be implemented at Carrefour's 182 outlets in China.The issue is continuing to smoulder on the Internet, with websites asking people to write in with "your experiences of price cheating by the Carrefour."A survey by Sohu, one of China's major web portals, had resulted late Sunday in 8,451 of 9,507 respondents saying they "would not go to Carrefour as it is blacklisted for price cheating.""Carrefour will further strengthen price label management and improve service quality to gain the support and confidence of Chinese customers," said Chen Bo.Carrefour had drawn up short and long-term measures to solve the price label issue, including price inspections, improving and upgrading the price label system, and comprehensive staff training."We will have our special control group conduct frequent and wide-ranging internal price inspections," Chen said.The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China's top economic planner and price regulator, said Wednesday that some Carrefour and Wal-Mart stores in China were involved in deceptive pricing practices.The NDRC ordered local pricing authorities to urge stores to correct their wrongdoing, and pay fines five times the illegal income. It also urged authorities to step up price checks ahead of the Spring Festival.

来源：资阳报