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TAMPA BAY, Fla. — According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 107 people from 21 states, including Florida, have reported contracting measles between January 1 to July 14, 2018.Measles is a virus that is easily spread by air droplets when infected persons breathe, cough, or sneeze. The first symptoms are a high fever that may spike to 105°F, cough, runny nose and red, watery eyes. These symptoms are followed by a blotchy rash that spreads from the head to the feet.Measles is a potentially severe disease, especially young children and persons with compromised immune systems. The majority of people who get measles were unvaccinated, the CDC warns.According to the CDC, the following states were reported to have measles:ArkansasCaliforniaConnecticutFloridaIllinoisIndianaKansasLouisianaMarylandMichiganMissouriNevadaNew Jersey New YorkNorth CarolinaOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaTennesseeTexasWashingtonDistrict of Colombia"We continue to encourage parents to fully vaccinate their children," said infectious disease specialist Dr. Ulyee Choe. "Measles is a highly contagious disease that can have serious complications for babies and children."Unvaccinated individuals who are exposed to measles may be excluded for up to 21 days from public places such as school and work where they could infect others.Persons with symptoms of measles should be evaluated by their health care provider. Health care providers are asked to immediately report suspected cases of measles to the department of health. 1581

The Boston Marathon clarified on Sunday its policy on allowing transgender athletes to compete in its annual event, saying that athletes do not have to share their gender history with race officials, NPR reported. The Marathon also confirmed that transgender runners have competed in past events. "We don't require that runners outline their gender identity history with us, so we can't say for certain how many trans runners are in our race," the Boston Athletic Association, organizer of the annual Boston Marathon, said in a statement to NPR. "We do know that we have had several transgender runners in the past."Last month in the Canadian publication "Running Magazine," three transgender women told the magazine that they plan on competing as women in this year's Boston Marathon, which will be held on April 16. The story drew questions on whether transgender athletes competing as women would be at an advantage. Although the Boston Marathon is generally considered a competition for amateur athletes, it has strict qualification standards based on athletes' age and gender. Before the 2016 Summer Olympics, the International Olympic Committee developed criteria to ensure that transgender athletes could compete in their desired gender, while trying not to give any competitive advantage. The IOC developed limits to the testosterone levels of transgender female athletes. For transgender males, they are able to compete in the Olympics without restriction. 1538

Sticking to a normal daily rhythm -- being active during the day and sleeping at night -- can have more benefits than you might expect.A new study found that it is linked to improvements in mood and cognitive functioning as well as a decreased likelihood of developing major depression and bipolar disorder.The study, published Tuesday in the journal The Lancet Psychiatry, looked at disruptions in the circadian rhythms -- or daily sleep-wake cycles -- of over 91,000 adults in the United Kingdom. It measured these disruptions using a device called an accelerometer that is worn on the wrist and measures one's daily activity levels. The participants were taken from the UK Biobank, a large cohort of over half a million UK adults ages 37 to 73.The researchers found that individuals with more circadian rhythm disruptions -- defined as increased activity at night, decreased activity during the day or both -- were significantly more likely to have symptoms consistent with bipolar disorder or major depression. They were also more likely to have decreased feelings of well-being and to have reduced cognitive functioning, based on a computer-generated reaction time test.For all participants, activity levels were measured over a seven-day period in either 2013 or 2014, and mental health proxies such as mood and cognitive functioning were measured using an online mental health questionnaire that participants filled out in 2016 or 2017."It's widely known that a good night's sleep is a good thing for well-being and health. That's not a big surprise," said?Dr. Daniel Smith, professor of psychiatry at the University of Glasgow and a leading author on the study. "But I think what's less well-known and what comes out of this work is that not only is a good night's sleep important, but having a regular rhythm of being active in daylight and inactive in darkness over time is important for mental well-being."The findings were found to be consistent even when controlling for a number of influential factors including age, sex, lifestyle, education and body mass index, according to Smith."I think one of the striking things that we found was just the consistency in the direction of our association across everything we looked at in terms of mental health," Smith said.Daily circadian rhythm is controlled by a collection of neurons in an area of the brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus helps regulate a number of important behavioral and physiological functions such as body temperature, eating and drinking habits, emotional well-being and sleep, according to the?National Institute of General Medical Sciences.The findings are consistent with research indicating a link between sleep disruptions and mood disorders. A 2009 study, for example, showed that men who worked night shifts for four years or more were more likely to have anxiety and depression than those who work during the day.However, the new study is the first to use objective measurements of daily activity and is among the largest of its kind, according to?Aiden Doherty, senior research fellow at the University of Oxford, who was not involved in the research."This study is the first large-scale investigation of the association of objectively measured circadian rhythmicity with various mental health, well-being, personality and cognitive outcomes, with an unprecedented sample size of more than 90 000 participants," Doherty wrote in an email."Previous studies have been very small (in just a few hundred people), or relied on self-report measures (asking people what they think they do). ... However, this study used objective device-based measures in over 90,000 participants; and then linked this information to standard measures of mood disorders, subjective well-being, and cognitive function," he added.The findings have significant public health consequences, particularly for those who live in urban areas, where circadian rhythms are often disrupted due to artificial light, according to Smith."By 2030, two-thirds of the world's population will be living in cities, and we know that living in an urban environment can be pretty toxic to your circadian system because of all the artificial light that you're exposed to," Smith said."So we need to think about ways to help people tune in to their natural rhythms of activity and sleeping more effectively. Hopefully, that will protect a lot of people from mood disorders."For those who struggle to maintain a consistent circadian rhythm, certain strategies -- such as avoiding technology at night -- have proven to be an important part of good sleep hygiene."Not using your phone late at night and having a regular pattern of sleeping is really important," Smith said. "But equally important is a pattern of exposing yourself to sunshine and daylight in the morning and doing activity in the morning or midday so you can actually sleep properly."Based on the observational nature of the study, the researchers were unable to show causality, meaning it is unclear whether the sleep disturbances caused the mental health problems or vice versa."It's a cross-sectional study, so we can't say anything about cause and effect or what came first, the mood disorder or the circadian disruption," said Kristen Knutson, associate professor of neurology at Northwestern's Feinberg School of Medicine, who was not involved in the study."And it's likely they affect each other in a circular fashion," she added.The researchers also looked exclusively at adults between age 37 and 73, meaning the results may not apply to younger individuals, whose circadian rhythms are known to be different than those of older adults, according to Smith."The circadian system changes throughout life. If you've got kids, you know that very young kids tend to be nocturnal," Smith said. "My suspicion is that we might observe even more pronounced effects in younger samples, but that hasn't been done yet, to my knowledge."But the study adds more credence to the idea that sleep hygiene -- including maintaining a consistent pattern of sleep and wake cycles -- may be an important component of good mental health, according to Smith."It's an exciting time for this kind of research because it's beginning to have some real-world applications," Smith said. "And from my point of view as a psychiatrist, I think it's probably under-recognized in psychiatry how important healthy circadian function is, but it's an area that we're trying to develop." 6496

TAMPA BAY, Fla. — Thanksgiving is a day of gratitude for many, but it also marks 10 years of Justin Gaertner's Alive Day.Gaertner's Alive Day marks the day he survived injuries overseas."It's a day to remember how far you've come in life and that nothing can hold you back," said Gaertner. November 26, 2010, Gaertner and his best friend, Gabriel Martinez, were on a clearance mission in Marjah in Afghanistan's southwestern Helmand province. While sweeping after a vehicle in front of them, the vehicle rolled over an IED, Gaertner said Martinez hit a secondary IED and as he swept to secure a landing zone for a medical helicopter, he triggered a tertiary IED. Both lost their legs."I remember every second of that moment. The smell. The looks. The sound. Everything that was going on, and it's something I'll never forget. But regardless, he was right there by my side the whole time, throughout the whole thing," Gaertner said.A photo shows the two with injured hands, holding each other's pinky fingers. They had each other's backs in the Marines through their recovery. Now, both work as computer forensic analysts for ICE Homeland Security Investigations, Martinez for HSI Denver, and Gaertner for HSI Tampa."We never let each other go because going through something like that by yourself is hard enough and then having him by my side that whole time, I guess there's really no feeling or words that can describe having your best friend, your brother right there next to you throughout the entire journey," Gaertner said.They were brought on through the Human Exploitation Rescue Operative (HERO) program."The child exploitation cases are really close to my heart, close to everybody's heart, and it's just nice when you come home and know you made a difference today," he said.Gaertner said he's now worked on close to 300 federal and state cases, dealing with things like child exploitation, drug smuggling, and national security. He also helped in the aftermath of the shooting attack at Naval Air Station Pensacola.He said the past ten years have been a journey."Highs lows, accomplishments of conquering challenges, starting my family, marrying the love of my life, having a beautiful daughter together. It's just been a journey and something I don't take for granted because I shouldn't be here, but I am, and I'm trying to make the best of it," he said.He said his wife and daughter are his rocks. "With the challenges of 2020, the challenges over the last 10 years of my life, my daughter has been a blessing. We lost a daughter in 2018 and have been praying every day since then for the arrival of our daughter Callie now and on top of her I've prayed for a wife such as mine, and I couldn't have made it over the past few years without her," Gaertner said.His wife, Paige, said while Thanksgiving before was a day to acknowledge blessings, now it's also gratitude, celebrating Justin's life."I think Justin's greatest ability in life is to adapt and overcome, and to me and having a daughter now and him being a father, I think it's just an example to all of us that no matter what we go through, I mean losing his legs has been a huge trial in his life, but he has done it and overcame it like it was a blessing to him," she said. "And so he always makes the best out of every situation, and I think no matter where we are in life that it's important to remember that."On this Thanksgiving, Gaertner doesn't dwell on what happened to him on his Alive Day."I don't really think about it too much, I just think about everybody else that's serving and the sacrifices that they're making while I'm able to sit here and enjoy Thanksgiving with my family," he said.This story was first reported by Haley Bull at WFTS in Tampa Bay, Florida. 3798

The 911 call that brought police to a Starbucks in Philadelphia, resulting in the arrest of two African-American customers, lasted only seconds."Hi, I have two gentlemen at my café that are refusing to make a purchase or leave. I'm at the Starbucks at 18th and Spruce," a Starbucks employee told police last Thursday shortly after 4:30 p.m.The brief 911 call was among recordings released Tuesday by the Philadelphia Police. Authorities also released dispatch and officer communications.The men had initially asked to use the restroom inside the Starbucks but were told the cafe's bathrooms were for customers only. They then sat at a table without making a purchase, which many observers have noted is a common occurrence at the franchise's locations.A manager called police after the men declined to leave the premises because, they said, they were waiting for an acquaintance.The men were arrested for trespassing but no charges were filed.The incident led to protests at the Rittenhouse Square location, including one that briefly shut the location down, and criticism of the mammoth coffee chain. Some protestors called Starbucks "anti-black."Starbucks CEO Kevin Johnson met with the two men on Monday and apologized for how they were treated, a company spokesperson said.The manager who called the police is no longer working at that store, the company said.Starbucks would not comment on other reports that she has left the company by mutual agreement.On Tuesday, Starbucks said it will close?its 8,000 company-owned stores in the United States for one afternoon to educate employees about racial bias. 1627

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