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WASHINGTON, June 8 (Xinhua) -- Hundreds of small genetic variations are associated with autism spectrum disorders, including an area of DNA that may be a key to understanding why humans are social animals, according to a multi-site collaborative study led by researchers at Yale University.To be published Thursday in the journal Neuron, the study reinforces the theory that autism, a disorder that develops in early childhood involving impairments in social interaction, language deficits and distinctive behaviors, is not caused by one or two major genetic defects, but by many small variations, each associated with a small percentage of cases.The study looked at more than 1,000 families in which there was a single child with an autism spectrum disorder, an unaffected sibling and unaffected parents. The team compared individuals with autism to their siblings to determine what types of genetic changes distinguished the affected child from the unaffected child.One of the most intriguing of these findings points to the same small section of the genome that causes Williams syndrome -- a developmental disorder marked by high sociability and an unusual aptitude for music.In autism, there is an increase in the chromosomal material, an extra copy of this region, and in Williams syndrome, there's a loss of that same material," said lead author Matthew State. "What makes this observation particularly interesting is that Williams syndrome is known for a personality type that is highly empathetic, social, and sensitive to the emotional state of others. Individuals with autism often have difficulties in the opposite direction. This suggests that there is an important key in that region to understanding the nature of the social brain."State and his team also found about 30 other regions in the genome that are very likely contributing to autism and are focused on about six of those regions that showed the strongest evidence."We're now moving on to a second phase of the study looking at an additional 1,600 families and should be able to identify multiple new regions that are strongly implicated in autism," he said.

BERLIN, June 6 (Xinhua) -- The German authorities said on Monday that Germany's first sample tests of the allegedly contaminated bean sprouts have found no E. coli strains that have sickened more than 2,000 people in Europe.According to a statement issued by the Agriculture Ministry of the Lower-Saxony state, 23 of 40 samples concerning the suspected sprouts from a market garden in the state have tested negative, and further tests are still pending."Based on the initial findings in tests of some of the samples, especially the seeds, we assume that intensive analytical efforts are needed to prove that the suspected pathogen is really there," the statement said.Beansprouts and salad sprouts are seen in this picture illustration taken in Berlin June 6, 2011.  The German authorities said on Monday that Germany's first sample tests of the allegedly contaminated bean sprouts have found no E. coli strains that have sickened more than 2,000 people in EuropeLower-Saxony's Agriculture Minister Gert Lindemann said Sunday that a market garden in the rural district of Uelzen had provided a connection "involving all the main outbreaks" of the disease.Restaurants and food outlets of almost all E. coli-affected areas had received shipments of sprouts directly or indirectly from the company, state officials said.The German authorities have been racing to track down the source of the pathogen since the outbreak, which has infected people in 12 countries, all of whom had once traveled in northern Germany.More than 600 of those infected have developed Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, a potentially deadly complication attacking the kidneys.The E. coli source was first thought to be cucumbers from Spain, which has caused huge loses for Spain farmers. However, this conclusion was overthrown by laboratory tests in Hamburg later.

HAVANA, Sept. 6 (Xinhua) -- Cuban medical authorities have launched the sales of the world's first therapeutic vaccine against lung cancer, local officials said on Tuesday.The CimaVax-EGF vaccine, as a result of a 25-year research into diseases related to tobacco smoking, has been developed by researchers and scientists at the Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM) in Havana.The active drug ingredient in the vaccine is based on "a protein we all have when cancer is uncontrolled." "The epidermal growth factor is related to all cell proliferation," said Gisela Gonzalez, head researcher of the project."The drug could turn the cancer into a manageable, chronic disease by generating antibodies against the proteins which triggered the uncontrolled cell proliferation," she said.The immunogenic vaccine is appropriate to patients with advanced lung cancer in stages of three and four, showing no positive response to other kinds of treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the expert said."It is not possible to prevent the disease but this vaccine improves significantly the status of the critically ill patients," she added.She said the CimaVax-EGF has gone through clinical studies and trials in over 1,000 patients across the island and is currently distributed free of charge in all hospitals of the Caribbean island nation.Gonzalez also said researchers at the CIM planned to use the same principle of the CimaVax-EGF in treating other cancerous tumors such as prostate, uterus and breast cancers.Lung cancer is regarded as one of the world's most serious, common and deadly cancers and is most frequently found among tobacco smokers.According to the World Health Organization, the disease generally kills 5 million people a year, and the figure is expected to rise to as much as 8 million by 2030 unless smoking habits are changed.In Cuba, like many other developing countries across the world, smoking is seen as a status symbol. Lung cancer, killing about 20,000 people a year in the Caribbean country, is considered a serious threat to public health and the leading cause of death in 12 of the country's 15 provinces.

BEIJING, Sept. 14 (Xinhuanet) -- Scientists had discovered the fossils of a new species of ancient carnivorous fish, National Geographic reported Monday.The newly-found ancient fish, "Laccognathus embryi", is a 1.8-meter-long predator, which was "waiting to lunge out to grab whatever was in front of it," said study co-author Ted Daeschler, a vertebrate zoologist at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, the U.S..It had a jaw filled with sharp teeth that were 1.5 inches long, the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology described.The fish lived in the Devonian period, 415 to 360 million years ago, which "was a fish-eats-fish kind of world," Daeschler said. "There was a real arms race going. If you didn't have good armor on your body, you were very vulnerable.""It's not just finding the animal - it's also placing the animal in its evolutionary crucible," Daeschler added.Its closest living relative is the lungfish which can survive in the drought, scientists said.Scientists hope the finding can help in their study on the revolution of fishes as well as other species.

NANNING, Sept. 1 (Xinhua) -- In south China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, an area renowned for its history of musical folklore, local residents have found a unique way to spread knowledge regarding AIDS prevention."All people unite to fight AIDS! AIDS will stay away if we are equipped with AIDS knowledge," state the lyrics of one song that was penned by local songwriters as part of a local anti-AIDS campaign."We asked eight local singers to write and record songs about the disease. We think this is an effective way for local people to acquire AIDS knowledge," said 55-year-old Huang Zhanghui, a resident of the village of Shantun. He said that the songs are played through loudspeakers in his village every evening.The songwriting campaign has been effective because folk songs are a traditional artform in the region, making them more readily understandable and acceptable for local residents, Huang said.Guangxi has been one of the hardest-hit areas in China in terms of the number of AIDS infections discovered there, ranking only after central China's Henan Province. More than 76 percent of the infections are sexually transmitted, according to Ge Xianmin, an official from the AIDS prevention office of the Guangxi regional government.Bama County, which administers Shantun, is known for the longevity of its residents. Nearly 2,500 of its residents are more than 80 years old, and another 81 have celebrated their 100th birthdays."We will not let AIDS threaten this tradition," Huang said.Huang was selected to be the head of the village's AIDS prevention office just two months ago. In addition to the creation of folk songs, the office spreads AIDS prevention knowledge through text messages and publicly screened films.

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