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SAN DIEGO (KGTV) -- It’s been more than seven decades since the creation of the beloved children’s character, Thomas the Tank Engine. The pandemic nearly derailed a local museum’s yearly family event.“This year is the 75th year of the creation of the book series, called ‘The Railway series,’ where Thomas was born,” said Katy Titus with the San Diego Model Railroad Museum.The Balboa Park museum hosts a Thomas Day Celebration every year. Thousands of kids, families, and train lovers stop at “Big Station” for the big event. Unfortunately, this year will be different.“Instead of Thomas taking over the physical museum, Thomas is going to take over our web presence,” says Titus.Thomas Takeover Week will run until Sunday. It’s a free virtual event.Visitors can explore the virtual exhibit. There are activities online for kids like arts and crafts. Students can also enjoy storytime, listening to “The Railway Series.”The San Diego Model Railroad Museum had to close its doors twice this year due to the pandemic. The museum is collecting donations that will be used to maintain the railroad collections and create more virtual programs. 1148

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — Infectious disease experts say it may take months before the first doses of a COVID-19 vaccine reach an important population: kids.Some doctors worry it may already be too late to get a vaccine authorized for younger kids before the start of the next school year because of the time it takes to recruit children and conduct a new round of clinical trials.“Our children under 12 years of age are almost certainly going into next school year without a vaccine option available for them,” said Dr. Evan Anderson, a pediatrician at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and associate professor at Emory University.Dr. Anderson said such a delay could further impact school reopenings and have resulting consequences on children’s mental health, among other concerns. He said the window is rapidly closing to get a vaccine authorized in time for children older than 12 unless more trials begin immediately.In October, Pfizer tested its vaccine candidate for the first time in 100 kids aged 12 to 15. Moderna is expected to begin testing in that age group in January, according to Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. However, neither company has announced plans to begin testing their candidates in children under 12.That’s concerning to the American Academy of Pediatrics, which has been calling on vaccine-makers to include children in clinical trials since September. The AAP argues immunization is critical to stemming the pandemic.“We know that children can be infected with COVID-19 and can transmit it to others. To reduce the spread of this virus and control the pandemic as well as for their own safety, it’s crucial that children be included in the national vaccination program, and that vaccines are made available to children as soon as possible,” said Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, chair of the AAP Committee on Infectious Diseases, in another push last month.Although COVID-19 takes a more severe toll on older adults, children make up about 12 percent of the infections in the U.S. and recent studies have shown kids over 10 years old can transmit disease as efficiently as adults, the AAP noted.More than 1.3 million kids had been infected with COVID-19 as of Nov. 26.Experts say it’s important that drug companies test COVID-19 vaccines in children separately from adults.“Kids' immune systems are really different than adults. As any pediatrician will tell you, kids are not just small adults, their immune systems behave really differently,” said Dr. Christian Ramers of Family Health Centers of San Diego.Dr. Ramers said testing is needed to find the right vaccine dose for kids and see if there are any unexpected side effects.But there are challenging logistics in any pediatric trial. Since children’s immune systems change as they grow, vaccine-makers have to separate their trials into several age groups. That means more child volunteers are needed.“I mean it's more challenging, as an investigator myself for research, to enroll a kid into a study because you have to get permission [from parents],” said UC San Francisco infectious disease expert Dr. Peter Chin-Hong.Because parents have to sign off, experts say it can take much longer to enroll enough kids for a study.In a statement to ABC 10News, Pfizer said it is “working actively with regulators on a potential pediatric study plan.”“As we do with all vaccines which are initially studied in adult populations, we are following a careful, stepwise approach as we move down to younger age groups,” said Jerica Pitts, Pfizer’s director of global media relations.“Global regulatory agencies require evaluation of the candidate vaccine in pediatric populations. Moving below 12 years of age will require a new study and potentially a modified formulation or dosing schedule,” she added.Could a vaccine become mandatory at schools?Once a vaccine is approved for kids, a lot of parents are wondering if and when it might become mandatory at California schools.The California Department of Public Health told ABC 10News several things would need to be in place before it would consider making a vaccine mandatory at either schools or child care facilities.The vaccine would need to reviewed and approved by the FDA and recommended for use in children by the federal Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. The state would also look for a recommendation by the American Academy of Pediatrics, and there would need to be "sufficient vaccine supply to enable access for all children."READ MORE: Will California make the COVID vaccine mandatory at schools? 4602

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In their push to reopen schools, some political supporters of President Donald Trump have cited COVID-19 research from a group of San Diego scientists, claiming it’s evidence we could be close to herd immunity from the virus.But one of the authors of that research says that conclusion is way off.One of the most prominent supporters of the herd immunity conjecture is Dr. Scott Atlas, a neuroradiologist and senior fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution who became an adviser to President Trump this month.“There’s a pretty good chance that herd immunity requires way less infections because of existing immunity out there,” Atlas said in a livestream conversation with San Diego County Supervisor Jim Desmond. “It actually may have already been reached in places like New York. We don’t know, but it’s possible.”Herd immunity is the level of protection needed to effectively stop the virus from circulating, thought to be about 70 percent of the population. The “existing immunity” to which Atlas is referring has to do with T cells.“It's just a misunderstanding of the science,” said Dr. Shane Crotty, a virologist at the La Jolla Institute for Immunology who co-authored the groundbreaking research on T cells in June.Crotty and his colleagues found that 50 percent of people unexposed to the novel coronavirus had T cells that could recognize it. Scientists refer to this as cross-reactive T cells, and the study was replicated in other countries.Proponents of the herd immunity theory take the number of people infected with the coronavirus, add the number of people with T cells that can recognize the virus, and come up with a number around the herd immunity threshold of 70 percent. But the math doesn’t work that way, according to Crotty, in part because T cells only kick in once a virus has hijacked cells, meaning T cells alone can't stop a pathogen in its tracks.“We’re not saying those 50 percent of people have protection like they’ve already had the virus,” Crotty said. “We’re saying those 50 percent of people have a head start in responding to the virus, which is a good thing but doesn’t affect herd immunity.”Since the novel coronavirus is a new pathogen, scientists did not expect people would have tools in their immune system capable of recognizing it. Unexposed people do not have cross-reactive antibodies, Crotty said.But in a study published this month in Science, Dr. Crotty and his colleagues offered a potential explanation for the surprising T cell results: they found these cross-reactive T cells also recognized four other coronavirus strains that cause common colds.Their theory: the T cells were created in response to other coronaviruses but can recognize SARS-CoV-2 like a distant relative.“It's a memory of a cousin,” Dr. Crotty said.That memory may speed up the body’s immune response, which can normally take about a week for an unknown pathogen, Crotty said. But scientists aren’t sure yet what role T cells actually play in clinical outcomes.“We have no data and and neither does anybody else as to whether these T cells really help or not,” Crotty said.To answer that question, scientists would need blood samples for lots of healthy people and then they would have to closely study individuals who got infected.The La Jolla Institute for Immunology is raising money for that kind of research, Crotty said, but they’re not there yet. 3417

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) — In October, members of ICE, CBP and USBP held a meeting with several organizations in San Diego, telling them the Department of Homeland Security would be ending a policy known as “safe release.”That’s according to a lawsuit filed Wednesday by the County of San Diego against Kirstjen Nelson, secretary of the Department of Homeland Security.The policy of safe release had been in place since at least 2009. Under it, ICE would work with asylum seekers who had made it legally across the border to connect with family or sponsors in the United States. ICE officials would coordinate transportation as well, making sure the migrants made it to their final destinations.At the meeting in October, federal authorities notified Jewish Family Service and the San Diego Rapid Response Network that ICE would no longer be providing that service.“When that policy ended we quickly began to notice there were moms and children being dropped off at the bus stations here in San Diego,” said Michael Hopkins, CEO of Jewish Family Service. “We realized pretty quickly that we needed to create some type of shelter so that we didn’t have families sleeping on our sidewalks and adding to our homelessness problem in San Diego.”Since October, Hopkins estimates they’ve helped nearly 12,000 migrants in San Diego.On average, they take in 50 to 100 people per day, but it can fluctuate.“Last week we had nights when it was over 200,” said Hopkins.The shelter has moved around several times, but in March, the County announced it would allow the Rapid Response Network to operate the shelter out of the former family courthouse in Downtown San Diego.The operation has cost about .3 million, according to the County.It’s come from a mix of donations and money given to the county by the state.In a statement from DHS, officials told 10News, “until Congress acts to address the obvious drivers of the crisis and gives the Department the proper resources, we will continue to refine and adapt our processes to address our many priority missions to the best of our abilities.” 2083

SAN DIEGO (KGTV) - Looking for love in all the wrong places? San Diego is one of the top spots in the nation for singles, according to WalletHub.The website ranked cities based on data including share of single population, number of online dating opportunities, and nightlife options.The top cities included: 321