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LOS ANGELES, July 22 (Xinhua) -- Two teams of astronomers have discovered the largest and farthest reservoir of water ever detected in the universe, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Friday.The water, equivalent to 140 trillion times all the water in the world's ocean, surrounds a huge, feeding black hole, called a quasar, more than 12 billion light-years away, according to JPL in Pasadena, California."The environment around this quasar is very unique in that it's producing this huge mass of water," said Matt Bradford, a scientist at JPL. "It's another demonstration that water is pervasive throughout the universe, even at the very earliest times. "This artist's concept illustrates a quasar, or feeding black hole, similar to APM 08279+5255, where astronomers discovered huge amounts of water vapor. Gas and dust likely form a torus around the central black hole, with clouds of charged gas above and below. X-rays emerge from the very central region, while thermal infrared radiation is emitted by dust throughout most of the torus. While this figure shows the quasar's torus approximately edge-on, the torus around APM 08279+5255 is likely positioned face-on from our point of view.A quasar is powered by an enormous black hole that steadily consumes a surrounding disk of gas and dust. As it eats, the quasar spews out huge amounts of energy. Both groups of astronomers studied a particular quasar called APM 08279+5255, which harbors a black hole 20 billion times more massive than the sun and produces as much energy as a thousand trillion suns.Astronomers expected water vapor to be present even in the early, distant universe, but had not detected it this far away before. There's water vapor in the Milky Way, although the total amount is 4,000 times less than in the quasar, because most of the Milky Way's water is frozen in ice. Water vapor is an important trace gas that reveals the nature of the quasar. In this particular quasar, the water vapor is distributed around the black hole in a gaseous region spanning hundreds of light-years in size (a light-year is about six trillion miles).Its presence indicates that the quasar is bathing the gas in X- rays and infrared radiation, and that the gas is unusually warm and dense by astronomical standards, JPL said.Although the gas is at a chilly minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit ( minus 53 degrees Celsius) and is 300 trillion times less dense than Earth's atmosphere, it's still five times hotter and 10 to 100 times denser than what's typical in galaxies like the Milky Way, said JPL.Measurements of the water vapor and of other molecules, such as carbon monoxide, suggest there is enough gas to feed the black hole until it grows to about six times its size, JPL said.Whether this will happen is not clear, the astronomers say, since some of the gas may end up condensing into stars or might be ejected from the quasar.Bradford's team made their observations starting in 2008, using an instrument called "Z-Spec" at the California Institute of Technology's (Caltech's) Submillimeter Observatory, a 33-foot (10- meter) telescope near the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. Follow-up observations were made with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy (CARMA), an array of radio dishes in the Inyo Mountains of Southern California.The second group, led by Dariusz Lis, senior research associate in physics at Caltech and deputy director of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, used the Plateau de Bure Interferometer in the French Alps to find water. In 2010, Lis's team serendipitously detected water in APM 8279+5255, observing one spectral signature.Bradford's team was able to get more information about the water, including its enormous mass, because they detected several spectral signatures of the water, according to JPL.

DUBLIN, June 27 (Xinhua) -- The Irish government is aiming to increase internet literacy among older people with the launch of a 1.6 million euro training program, according to a cabinet minister on Monday.The goal of the scheme is to provide basic internet skills to 30,000 elderly people across the country who are less likely engage with the internet themselves.The announcement was made by Irish communications minister Pat Rabbitte at a new computer training facility run by Age Action Ireland, an Irish charity which promotes positive aging and better policies and services for older people.The Irish minister detailed how the training program will help those involved."This scheme will enable thousands of people throughout Ireland, people otherwise likely to be left behind in the knowledge society, to acquire the basic practical know-how to improve their digital skills. In particular this will help older people, those with disabilities, the unemployed and other key target groups. They will learn to use the internet, emails and how to conduct simple on-line transactions," he said."Previous schemes show that learning such basic skills helps people in many ways, giving them new communication options, new opportunities to save money, as well as better access to a wide range of on-line services," he added."We have also seen how such new skills and the opportunities that result from them improve people's confidence and wellbeing. More widespread participation in the knowledge society is a win- win outcome with advantages for citizens, government and the wider economy."

SAN FRANCISCO, June 17 (Xinhua) -- A new research released on Friday shows that smartphone users in the United States are consuming more data than ever, growing by 89 percent in the first quarter on a year-over-year basis.According to data from marketing company Nielsen, the amount of data the average smartphone user consumes per month is 435 Megabytes (MB) in the first quarter of 2011, compared with 230 MB in the same period last year.As for the distribution of data consumption, data usage for the top 10 percent of smartphone users is up 109 percent while the top 1 percent has grown their usage by 155 percent from 1.8 Gigabytes (GB) in the first quarter of 2010 to over 4.6 GB this year.The research said consumers with iPhones and Android smartphones consume the most data, which is driven by app-friendly operating systems like Apple's iOS and Google's Android. Windows Phone 7 users doubled their usage over the fourth quarter of 2010 and the first quarter of 2011, perhaps due to growth in the number of applications available.Meanwhile, the cost per MB for smartphones has dropped by 46 percent over the last year, from 14 cents per MB to 8 cents, said the research.According to Internet marketing research company comScore, in the first quarter of 2011, 234 million Americans ages 13 and older used mobile devices, 74,6 million of whom are smartphone users.

LOS ANGELES, June 20 (Xinhua) -- NASA's Cassini spacecraft has successfully completed its second-closest encounter with Saturn's icy moon Helene, beaming down raw images of the small moon, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) said on Monday.At closest approach on June 18 Cassini flew within 4,330 miles (6,968 kilometers) of Helene's surface, the second closest approach to Helene of the entire mission, said JPL in Pasadena, Los Angeles.This flyby will enable scientists to finish creating a global map of Helene, so they can better understand the history of impacts to the moon and gully-like features seen on previous flybys, according to JPL.Passing from Helene's night side to the moon's sunlit side, Cassini also captured images of the Saturn-facing side of the moon in sunlight, a region that was only illuminated by sunlight reflected off Saturn the last time Cassini closely encountered with the moon in March 2010.The closest Helene encounter of the mission took place on March 10, 2010, when Cassini flew within 1,131 miles (1,820 kilometers) of the moon.The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency.JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL, while the imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado.

SAN FRANCISCO, July 12 (Xinhua) -- U.S. videogame giant Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) on Tuesday said it has agreed to buy PopCap Games, a leading provider of casual games for digital platforms, in a deal to accelerate its digital transformation.EA said it will pay about 650 million U.S. dollars in cash and 100 million dollars in shares of EA common stock to acquire privately-held PopCap, the maker of blockbuster games including " Plants vs. Zombies," "Bejeweled" and "Zuma".In addition, PopCap's owners are entitled to receive as much as 550 million dollars in earn-outs if certain earnings targets are met through December 2013, according to EA, which is headquartered in Redwood City in the U.S. state of California.Logos of PopCap Games and Electronic Arts Inc."EA and PopCap are a compelling combination," John Riccitiello, EA's chief executive officer, said in a statement."PopCap's great studio talent and powerful IP add to EA's momentum and accelerate our drive towards a 1-billion-dollar digital business," he noted.PopCap is one of the largest providers of casual videogames for mobile phones, tablets, PCs and social network sites, with more than 150 million games installed and played worldwide on platforms such as Facebook, RenRen, Google, iPhone, iPad and Android.EA said the purchase of PopCap is expected to close in August this year, subject to customary closing conditions including regulatory approvals.