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Researchers around the world are trying to learn as much as possible about COVID-19, while reaching for a vaccine, cure or other treatment. Some recent studies are looking at vaccines we already have in our arsenal."It has been known for years that some vaccines can offer protection against diseases that they're not targeting against. Probably the best example is the BCG vaccine, which is used to try to prevent tuberculosis. It can prevent people from acquiring malaria," said Andrew Badley, the Chair of the Mayo Clinic COVID Research Task Force.Researchers have come up with theories as to why one vaccine would also protect against an entirely unrelated virus. Badley says the best theory is called immune training – that is your body, in preparing to defend itself from one disease, unintentionally protects it from another."So, with that as our basis and understanding, we did a similar analysis here with our Mayo Clinic data. What we did is we compared the rates of test positivity for COVID between those who've had vaccines and those who haven't had vaccines and stratified that according to vaccine type," explained Badley.What they found was that specifically, the MMR vaccines--which protects against measles mumps and rubella, as well as the flu vaccine and several others--had a protective effect against getting COVID-19. As for further implications for what this research could mean when it comes to COVID-19, Badley said, "certainly there will be numerous studies looking at all of the things we've talked about in the future, including the immune response."Some further research on the MMR vaccine and COVID-19 has prompted hypotheses that the reason many children aren't more susceptible to COVID-19 is because they've had their vaccines more recently than adults. The Mayo Clinic says there's no definitive answer as to whether that's true.Dr. Roy Benaroch, a pediatrician in the Atlanta, Georgia area, says the key takeaway from this research is that children and adults should be sure they're up to date on all recommended vaccinations."Certainly, it's true that vaccines overall will help protect children, will help keep them healthy. We’re also hopeful that vaccines that prevent things like influenza and pneumonia can also contribute to helping us get through this COVID crisis because some kids get secondary infections when they get COVID-19," said Dr. Benaroch.The Mayo Clinic agrees, saying people should remain vigilant when it comes to maintaining their health."Should you rush out and get extra vaccines? No, not at all. You should rush out and see your healthcare provider and update your health maintenance and if that means you are not updated on your flu or MMR, you should get it," said Badley.Experts agree that vaccines are a great way to help your body fight off diseases during this time."This exciting new research and new angle is looking at sort of a non-specific effect of some vaccines, that they seem to prevent some viral infections that aren’t even included in the vaccine. It's kind of an extra boost to your immune system that seems to occur with at least some vaccines that are on the current schedule," said Dr. Benaroch."We have every reason to expect that if you get influenza, you’re more likely to get COVID and you’re more likely to have a serious outcome if you do get COVID. So, that in addition to what we’ve just talked about, together suggests that everyone should get their flu vaccine this fall, as well as their regularly scheduled vaccines," said Badley.The next steps in the Mayo Clinic's research include looking in greater detail at the immune response and epidemiology of the MMR and influenza vaccines and how they could possibly protect against the novel coronavirus. 3754

Retail stores everywhere are feeling the pressure. If they don't get people into their doors, they could be the next Sears, J.C. Penny or Toys “R” Us.  Retail experts say 3,000 stores have closed just this year.  It's a vicious cycle, with more people shopping online, more stores close. And malls take a hit with stores closing."If it's a three-anchor store and two anchors close, then you're probably done," explains real estate expert Greg Maloney.Maloney says don’t be fooled though. He says malls aren't dying, instead, they are reinventing themselves.  "We need to make the shopping experience a lot more exciting," he says.Just like it was in the 80s, the movie theater at malls made a comeback to get people in the doors.There's a mall in Nashville, Tennessee that opened a Madame Tussaud wax museum to attract shoppers. In providence, Rhode Island turned the second level into apartments to really keep people from leaving.With mall reinventing themselves, Maloney says you’ll really notice change at the department stores. "I don't think they will completely go away, but I think they will be downsized,” Maloney says. “They will be smaller and fewer of them.”As for vacant spots in malls: get ready to see more online stores like Bonobos, UNTUCKit and Amazon open up brick and mortar stores, allowing shoppers to have the best of both worlds. 1381

President-elect Joe Biden has asked Dr. Anthony Fauci to remain in his role at the National Institutes of Health, and to become a chief medical adviser to the Biden administration. "I asked him to stay on the exact same role he's had for the past several presidents, and I asked him to be a chief medical adviser for me as well, and be part of the Covid team," Biden said Thursday during a joint interview with Vice President-elect Kamala Harris on CNN. Earlier in the day, Dr. Fauci said he planned on staying in his role as Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a position he's held since 1984 under several presidents. He has become a recognizable face and scientific voice of reason and warning in 2020 as a member of the White House coronavirus task force and frequent media guest to talk about the current state of the pandemic, next steps and hope for the future.It was during an interview with CBS News’ Major Garrett that Fauci made the comment he fully expects to stay on at the NIH. He also said he was looking forward to Thursday afternoon's first virtual meeting with Biden and his coronavirus team.Fauci has had a rocky relationship with President Donald Trump, as the president flouted recommendations from Fauci and other health leaders. Biden said his incoming chief of staff, Ron Klain, worked with Dr. Fauci during the Ebola crisis in 2014 and had been talking to him "all the time."During media interviews Thursday, Fauci also addressed comments some have made about the FDA not approving the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine for emergency use yet, even though the UK’s equivalent has.“We have the gold standard of a regulatory approach with the FDA,” Fauci said on Fox News Thursday. “The U.K. did not do it as carefully, they got a couple of days ahead. I don’t think that makes much difference. We’ll be there very soon.”Biden is expected to announce his picks for health positions next week, including the leads at the Department of Health and Human Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2069

Rachel Peterson was already having a tough time of it when she called a supermarket chain's pharmacy to get a prescription filled.Then the pharmacist made things worse.Peterson says back in July a pharmacist at a Meijer pharmacy in Petoskey, Michigan, refused to fill her prescription for a drug to treat her miscarriage because of his religious beliefs. She's working with the American Civil Liberties Union to change Meijer's policy and is willing to go to court if need be to keep what happened to her from happening to another woman. 545

President-elect Joe Biden’s proposal to forgive ,000 of federal student debt as COVID relief could erase loan balances for 15 million borrowers and reduce balances for millions more, according to federal data.Broad student loan forgiveness could affect 45.3 million borrowers with federal student loan debt who owe a total of .54 trillion to the government. Wiping out ,000 each — as Biden calls for — would result in up to 9 billion canceled.Seth Frotman, executive director of the Student Borrower Protection Center, says removing the student loans “albatross around their financial lives” could mean the difference for consumers who aspire to buy a house, save for retirement or start a business.“Student loan borrowers across the spectrum — old, young, urban, rural, high-balance, low-balance, Black, white — are hurting with their student loans, and that was before COVID even hit,” Frotman says.For now, Biden’s proposal is just an amount, with no details to answer questions about which loans might be canceled, whether forgiven amounts would be taxed and if borrowers would have defaulted loans removed from their credit history. It also faces huge hurdles politically.But here’s how ,000 in forgiveness could affect some categories of borrowers.For 15 million borrowers, a slate wiped cleanMore than a third of federal borrowers could see their balances fall to zero with ,000 in debt cancelation. Among those, 7.9 million owe less than ,000 in student loans and 7.4 million owe between ,000 and ,000, according to federal data.These are also the borrowers most likely to default on their loans. Over half of those who default (52%) have less than ,000 of federal undergraduate debt, according to an analysis of federal data by The Institute for College Access and Success, or TICAS.That’s because those with lower debt amounts often have not completed their schooling, so they don’t reap the benefits of a degree that leads to a better paying job. Among those who default, 49% did not complete their program of study, TICAS found.Default has severe consequences: It can sabotage credit scores and trigger collection efforts that can include seizure of tax refunds and Social Security payments.Many of these borrowers are current on their payments. For them, forgiveness could help, but it might not be much of a boon to the overall economy, says Betsy Mayotte, president and founder of The Institute of Student Loan Advisors.“If you owe ,000 and your payment is 0 — and that’s a lot of money to a lot of people — but you all of a sudden don’t have to pay 0 a month, I don’t see that 0 being put toward something that will stimulate the economy,” Mayotte says.For 19 million borrowers, some breathing roomThe typical student leaves school with around ,000 in debt, according to TICAS, an amount that can grow quickly with interest if students pause payments or go on repayment plans that allow them to make lower payments.Nearly 19 million borrowers owe between ,000 and ,000 in federal student loans, according to federal data. Without detailed execution plans from the Biden team, it’s trickier to say how these borrowers would be affected.For example, cancellation might not reduce the amount they pay each month, but it could draw their end date closer and lower the total amount they’d pay overall, due to interest. Or it might wipe out one loan completely but leave payments on others intact.For 11 million borrowers, a drop in the bucketHigher income households, as a whole, are the ones that hold the most debt.The high debt/high earner correlation makes sense because those who make more money tend to have more advanced education, according to findings from Georgetown University Center for Education and the Workforce. To get those advanced degrees, students rack up debt in the process.More than 8 million people owe the government between ,000 and 0,000 in student loans. An additional 3.2 million borrowers owe more than 0,000 on their federal loans, data show.A borrower repaying 0,000 on the standard federal 10-year plan at 5% interest would pay off the loans 15 months early if ,000 were forgiven.Forgiveness is still a big maybeThere’s also the question of how loan forgiveness could move forward: Will it be through Congress or executive action or not at all?“If anything can be done by executive action, [forgiveness] could happen very quickly,” says Robert Kelchen, associate professor of higher education at Seton Hall University. “I’m just not sure whether forgiving debt would withstand legal scrutiny.”Experts say any executive action could face lawsuits or be subject to judicial review, which would leave the fate of an order for forgiveness in the hands of the Supreme Court.“There are a lot of conservative judges, so I can imagine that many of them could be hostile to the policy,” says Wesley Whistle, senior advisor for policy and strategy, higher education at the public policy think tank New America.Mayotte said she is doubtful borrowers will see straight forgiveness since the reach of this type of pandemic relief wouldn’t be as broad as, say, providing supplemental unemployment or propping up small businesses.Forgiveness won’t happen before payments restartBiden proposed his forgiveness measure as part of COVID-related relief, but experts say there’s an even more pressing student loan concern that will come to a head before Biden starts his term — the end of the payment pause for student loan borrowers, which is set to sunset after Dec. 31.Doug Webber, associate professor of economics at Temple University, says he’s worried about the pitfalls of going “zero to 60” in one day with reinstating loan payments for a population that isn’t ready.“Once you give people a benefit, it’s always harder to take it back,” Webber says.The payment pause, known as a forbearance, has been in effect since March as part of the first coronavirus relief bill. President Donald Trump extended the relief through the end of the year, but neither the outgoing or incoming administration has committed to extending it again.While borrowers await the fate of forgiveness, they should contact their servicer to get enrolled in an income-driven repayment plan if they won’t be able to afford their payments. These plans set payments at a portion of their income and can be as low as zero if they’re unemployed.NerdWallet writer Ryan Lane contributed additional reporting to this story.More From NerdWallet10+ Student Loan Forgiveness Programs That Discharge LoansFederal Loans Are Paused Until 2021 — Should You Pay Anyway?Income-Driven Repayment: Is It Right for You?Anna Helhoski is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: anna@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @AnnaHelhoski. 6765