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BEIJING, Sept. 21 (Xinhuanet) -- China will launch an unmanned module next week, paving the way for a planned space station, a spokesman for the space program said on Tuesday.Tiangong-1, or "Heavenly Palace 1", will blast off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu province between Sept 27 and 30, the spokesman said.The 8.5-ton module, and the Long March II-F rocket that will carry it skyward, were positioned onto the launch pad on Tuesday, signaling that the project has entered the final preparation stage."Scientists will conduct final tests in the next few days before injecting propellants for the launch," Cui Jijun, director of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, said.The program spokesman said that Tiangong-1 will serve as "a target spacecraft" for rendezvous and docking experiments.It will also work as "a platform to test long-term unmanned and short-term manned operations", he said.Technical and medical experiments will provide crucial data ahead of the building of the space station (scheduled for 2020).Three rendezvous and docking experiments will be conducted.An unmanned Shenzhou-VIII craft will be launched later this year to dock with Tiangong-1. In 2012, Shenzhou IX and Shenzhou X will blast off to complete at least one manned docking.Jiao Weixin, a space scientist at Peking University, said that rendezvous and docking - vital maneuvers for manned programs - are hard to master."Rendezvous and docking are difficult because it is like asking two racing cars to keep a distance of 1 meter between them," he said.The mission requires two craft, traveling at speeds of 28,000 km/h, to enter the same orbit and connect with precision, he said.The China Manned Space Engineering Office rescheduled the launch of Tiangong-1 after the failed launch of an experimental orbiter last month.The spokesman said that the carrier rocket to blast off with Tiangong-1 atop has been modified.Only the United States and Russia have mastered rendezvous and docking technology, said Pang Zhihao, deputy editor-in-chief of the magazine Space International.Spacecraft developed by Europe and Japan have utilized US and Russian technology to dock with the International Space Station, he added.

BEIJING, Sept. 25 (Xinhua) -- As China's economy has soared to the second place in the world, the country's scientific strength has also surged -- if only measured by the numbers.Chinese researchers published more than 1.2 million papers from 2006 to 2010 -- second only to the United States but well ahead of Britain, Germany and Japan, according to data recently published by Elsevier, a leading international scientific publisher and data provider. This figure represents a 14 percent increase over the period from 2005 to 2009.The number of published academic papers in science and technology is often seen as a gauge of national scientific prowess.But these impressive numbers mask an uncomfortable fact: most of these papers are of low quality or have little impact. Citation per article (CPA) measures the quality and impact of papers. China's CPA is 1.47, the lowest figure among the top 20 publishing countries, according to Elsevier's Scopus citation database.China's CPA dropped from 1.72 for the period from 2005 to 2009, and is now below emerging countries such as India and Brazil. Among papers lead-authored by Chinese researchers, most citations were by domestic peers and, in many cases, were self-citations."While quantity is an important indicator because it gives a sense of scientific capacity and the overall level of scientific activity in any particular field, citations are the primary indicator of overall scientific impact," said Daniel Calto, Director of SciVal Solutions at Elsevier North America.Calto attributed China's low CPA to a "dilution effect.""When the rise in the number of publications is so rapid, as it has been in China -- increasing quantity does not necessarily imply an overall increase in quality," said Calto.He noted the same pattern in a variety of rapidly emerging research countries such as India, Brazil, and earlier in places like the Republic of Korea."Chinese researchers are too obsessed with SCI (Science Citation Index), churning out too many articles of low quality," said Mu Rongping, Director-General of the Institute of Policy and Management at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China's major think tank.SCI is one of the databases used by Chinese researchers to look-up their citation performance. The alternative, Scopus, provides a wider coverage worldwide."Chinese researchers from a wide range of areas and institutions are vying for publication, as it is a key criterion for academic appraisal in China, if not the only one. As a result, the growth of quality pales in comparison to that of quantity," said Mu, an expert on China's national science policy and competitiveness.On the other hand, China also falls behind the United States in multidisciplinary research, which is a core engine for scientific advance and research excellence.From 2006 to 2010, China published 1,229,706 papers while the United States churned out 2,082,733. According to a new metric introduced by Elsevier's Spotlight research assessment solution, China generated 885 competencies while the United States had 1,817.In other words, China's total research output is more than half that of the United States, while the number of competencies showing China's strength in multidisciplinary research is less than half that of the United States.Cong Cao, an expert on China's science and technology, put it more bluntly in an article he wrote: "When the paper bubble bursts, which will happen sooner or later, one may find that the real situation of scientific research in China probably is not that rosy."China has been investing heavily in scientific research and technological development in recent years to strengthen its innovative capacity, The proportion of GDP spent on R&D grew from 0.9 percent in 2000 to 1.4 percent in 2007, according to the World Bank.An IMF forecast in 2010 says China now ranks second globally in R&D spending. The IMF calculates China's R&D expenditure at 150 billion U.S. dollars when based on Purchasing Power Parity, a widely used economic concept that attempts to equalize differences in standard of living among countries.By this measure, China surpassed Japan in R&D spending in 2010.Many see China's huge investment in R&D as the momentum behind the country's explosive increase in research papers."Getting published is, in some ways, an improvement over being unable to get published," Mu said. "But the problem is, if the papers continue to be of low quality for a long time, it will be a waste of resources."In China, academic papers play a central role in the academic appraisal system, which is closely related to degrees and job promotions.While acknowledging the importance of academic papers in research, Mu believes a more balanced appraisal system should be adopted. "This is a problem with science management. If we put too much focus on the quantity of research papers, we leave the job of appraisal to journal editors."In China, the avid pursuit of publishing sometimes gives rise to scientific fraud. In the most high-profile case in recent years, two lecturers from central China's Jinggangshan University were sacked in 2010 after a journal that published their work admitted 70 papers they wrote over two years had been falsified."This is one of the worst cases. These unethical people not only deceived people to further their academic reputations, they also led academic research on the wrong path, which is a waste of resources," Mu said.A study done by researchers at Wuhan University in 2010 says more than 100 million U.S. dollars changes hands in China every year for ghost-written academic papers. The market in buying and selling scientific papers has grown five-fold in the past three years.The study says Chinese academics and students often buy and sell scientific papers to swell publication lists and many of the purported authors never write the papers they sign. Some master's or doctoral students are making a living by churning out papers for others. Others mass-produce scientific papers in order to get monetary rewards from their institutions.A 2009 survey by the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) of 30,078 people doing science-related work shows that nearly one-third of respondents attributed fraud to the current system that evaluates researchers' academic performance largely on the basis of how many papers they write and publish.Despite rampant fraud, China will continue to inject huge money into science. According to the latest national science guideline, which was issued in 2006 by the State Council, the investment in R&D will account for 2.5 percent of GDP in 2020."If China achieves its stated goal of investing 2.5 percent of its GDP in R&D in 2020, and sustains its very fast economic growth over the next decade, it would quite likely pass the U.S. in terms of total R&D investment sometime in the late 2010s," said Calto, adding that it is also quite likely that at some point China will churn out more papers than the United States.According to Calto, China does mostly applied research, which helps drive manufacturing and economic growth, while basic research only accounts for 6 percent, compared with about 35 percent in Germany, Britain, and the United States, and 16 percent in Japan."In the long term, in order to really achieve dominance in any scientific area, I think it will be necessary to put significant financial resources into fundamental basic research -- these are the theoretical areas that can drive the highest level of innovation," Calto said.

SAN FRANCISCO, June 22 (Xinhua) -- Apple Inc. plans to introduce a new iPhone in September featuring faster chip and more advanced camera, U.S. media reported on Wednesday.The new iPhone model, which will closely resemble iPhone 4, will include the A5 processor, a more powerful chip that Apple added to the iPad 2 tablet computer earlier this year, along with an 8-megapixel camera, up from the 5-megapixel model in the iPhone 4, Bloomberg quoted two people familiar with the product as saying.The device will run the iOS 5 operating system Apple previewed at its annual developer conference earlier this month.Aiming at attracting customers in developing countries, Apple is also working to finish a cheaper version of the iPhone which will use chips and displays of similar quality to the current iPhone 4, said the sources.Meanwhile, it was reported that Apple is also testing a new version of the iPad with a higher resolution screen, which, similar to the one currently used on iPhone 4, will be about one- third higher than iPad 2 and feature a more responsive touchscreen.According to a recent projection on smartphone market by the International Data Corp. (IDC), a small market share decline of iPhone is expected as the smartphone market matures and diversifies in 2011.The release of a new iPhone would help Apple gain more market share as smartphones powered by Google's Android system are predicted to grow to more than 40 percent of the market in the second half of this year.

BEIJING, July 22 (Xinhuanet) -- Regulation is needed to govern rapidly expanding research in animals containing human tissue or genes, according to the Britain's Academy of Medical Sciences.Using animals with limited humanized traits is not new. Genetically engineered mice containing human DNA are already a mainstay of research into new drugs for diseases like cancer.For instance, Chinese scientists have already introduced human stem cells into goat fetuses and U.S. researchers have studied the idea of creating a mouse with human brain cells.But Martin Bobrow, a professor of medical genetics at the University of Cambridge, who led the Academy's working group, said there were three areas of particular concern."Where people begin to worry is when you get to the brain, to the germ cells, and to the sort of central features that help us recognize what is a person, like skin texture, facial shape and speech," he said.His report recommends that government should put in place a national expert body, working within the existing system for regulating animal research, to oversee such sensitive areas.British ministers said they welcomed the report and would consider its recommendations carefully.

BEIJING, Aug. 31 (Xinhuanet) – The pressure of modern society is taking a toll on sexual satisfaction, experts say following the release of an online survey.About 34 percent of people polled in the survey said that they are unsatisfied with their sex lives, with 6.5 percent "very unsatisfied".Another 32 percent condemned their sex lives as "just so-so".The survey interviewed more than 3,000 people, aged between 15 and 55, with men accounting for 74 percent of the interviewees.It was conducted by the China Population Communication Center and the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences from May 1 to June 20. The survey did not give a margin of error.Only 23 percent of respondents said that they are "satisfied" with their sex lives, with 3.6 percent "very satisfied", according to the survey.But women seem to have a higher rate of satisfaction than men, with only 26 percent saying they are unsatisfied. The rate for men is 42 percent.The rate of sexual satisfaction among Chinese people is below the global average of 44 percent, according to an earlier survey by Durex. The 2007 Durex Global Sexual Wellbeing Survey questioned more than 26,000 people in 26 countries about all aspects of their sex lives - including satisfaction levels.Jiang Hui, president-elect of the Chinese Society of Andrology, attributed the lower rate of sexual satisfaction among Chinese people to rapid economic growth, which inevitably increases work and social pressure.Health problems associated with a modern lifestyle, such as diabetes and hypertension, are also to blame, he said.Jiang said his department of andrology used to receive about 10 patients a day 10 years ago. Now the figure has risen to more than 250.Rising awareness of sex and a more open attitude toward the once-taboo topic among the public also contributed to higher sexual expectations, he said.The survey also revealed that about 30 percent of respondents in the 35-55 age group had sex less than once a week."That rate is quite low, compared with the global average of 103 times a year, or 1.98 times a week," said Yang Xiong, who heads the social survey center at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences.Only 16.9 percent of respondents said that they had sex more than 10 times a month. Most respondents had sex three to nine times every month.About 8 percent of respondents said that they basically had no sex at all or it was too infrequent to be classified.The survey seemed to find that the more you made, the less you had. Those who earned at least 9,000 yuan (,400) a month had less sex than those who earned less, according to the survey.Among those making more than 9,000 yuan per month, over 70 percent said they had sex less than twice a month, compared with 16.5 percent for those with a monthly salary of less than 6,000 yuan.The survey also found that when people run into problems with their sex lives, 83 percent turn to the Internet, rather than professionals, for help. Less than 6 percent said they would see doctors to solve sex-related problems.Nearly 70 percent of those polled said they suffered from sexual health problems, such as erectile dysfunction (ED)."Many patients, especially men, are reluctant to see a doctor, which they think harms their manhood," Jiang said.According to a study conducted by the Chinese Society of Andrology, at least 40 percent of men aged 40 and above suffered from erectile dysfunction, roughly the global average.But Yang, from the Shanghai academy, noted that surveys conducted online tend to produce far different results than those conducted face-to-face.He expressed reservations about the survey's accuracy and said the public should only use the results for reference.

来源：资阳报